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A software pattern is a reusable solution to address a commonly occurring problem within a given context when designing software. Using patterns is a common practice for software architects to ensure software quality. Many pattern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Nicolas Six , Nicolas Herbaut , Camille Salinesi

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies are gaining the interest of the academy, companies, and institutions. Nonetheless, the path toward blockchain adoption is not straightforward, as blockchain is a complex technology that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Vittorio Capocasale , Guido Perboli

The work presents a solution for completely decentralized data management systems in geographically distributed environments with administratively unrelated or loosely related user groups and in conditions of partial or complete lack of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Andrey Demichev , Alexander Kryukov

The integration of blockchain technology with data analytics is essential for extracting insights in the cryptocurrency space. Although academic literature on blockchain data analytics is limited, various industry solutions have emerged to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Rischan Mafrur

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger used to securely exchange digital currency, perform deals and transactions efficient manner, each user of the network has access to the least copy of the encrypted ledger so that they can validate a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Bosubabu Sambana

Blockchain enables a digital society where people can contribute, collaborate, and transact without having to second-guess trust and transparency. It is the technology behind the success of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many disruptive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Duc A. Tran , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Bitcoin's success has led to significant interest in its underlying components, particularly Blockchain technology. Over 10 years after Bitcoin's initial release, the community still suffers from a lack of clarity regarding what properties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Scott Ruoti , Ben Kaiser , Arkady Yerukhimovich , Jeremy Clark , Robert Cunningham

Blockchain is one of the most discussed and highly accepted technologies, primarily due to its application in almost every field where third parties are needed for trust. Blockchain technology relies on distributed consensus for trust,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Arman Rasoodl Faridi , Faraz Masood , Ali Haider Thabet Shamsan , Mohammad Luqman , Monir Yahya Salmony

In recent years, blockchain has grown in popularity due to its singular attributes, enabling the development of new innovative decentralized applications. But when companies consider leveraging blockchain for their applications, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Nicolas Six

Emerging applications of blockchains, such as grocery supply chains, require frequent updates to the data structure. This is in contrast with typical analyses of the Bitcoin blockchain, in which updates occur infrequently. With more…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Partha S. Dey , Aditya Gopalan

The Bitcoin Network is a sophisticated accounting system that allows its underlying cryptocurrency to be trusted even in the absence of a reliable financial authority. Given its undeniable success, the technology, generally referred to as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Giulio Caldarelli

Blockchain has evolved into a platform for decentralized applications, with beneficial properties like high integrity, transparency, and resilience against censorship and tampering. However, blockchains are closed-world systems which do not…

Blockchains are widely recognized for their immutability, which provides robust guarantees of data integrity and transparency. However, this same feature poses significant challenges in real-world situations that require regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Federico Calandra , Marco Bernardo , Andrea Esposito , Francesco Fabris

Bitcoin's global success has led to the rise of blockchain, but many systems labeled as "blockchain" deviate from its core principles, adding complexity to the ecosystem. This survey addresses the need for a comprehensive review and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Badr Bellaj , Aafaf Ouaddah , Noel Crespi , Abdelatif Mezrioui , Emmanuel Bertin

Blockchain offers an innovative approach to storing information, executing transactions, performing functions, and establishing trust in an open environment. Many consider blockchain as a technology breakthrough for cryptography and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Rui Zhang , Rui Xue , Ling Liu

Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management solution, the technological leap behind the success of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. As the variety of existing blockchains and distributed ledgers continues to increase,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Martin Garriga , Stefano Dalla Palma , Maximiliano Arias , Alan De Renzis , Remo Pareschi , Damian Andrew Tamburri

Designing blockchain-based applications is a tedious task. Compared to traditional software engineering, software architects cannot rely on previous experiences or proven practices, often formalized as software patterns. Also, the selection…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Nicolas Six , Nicolas Herbaut , Camille Salinesi

Blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third-party intermediaries in business by enabling decentralised architecture design in software applications. However, the vulnerabilities in on-chain autonomous decision-makings and cumbersome…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Guangsheng Yu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Blockchain has become a popular emergent technology in many industries. It is suitable for a broad range of applications, from its base role as an immutable distributed ledger to the deployment of distributed applications. Many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Inwon Kang , Aparna Gupta , Oshani Seneviratne

In this paper, we analyze the Ethereum blockchain using the complex networks modeling framework. Accounts acting on the blockchain are represented as nodes, while the interactions among these accounts, recorded on the blockchain, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Stefano Ferretti , Gabriele D'Angelo