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We prove non-trivial bounds for general bilinear forms in hyper-Kloosterman sums when the sizes of both variables may be below the P\'olya-Vinogradov range. We then derive applications to the second moment of holomorphic cusp forms twisted…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-10 E. Kowalski , Ph. Michel , W. Sawin

We introduce a new method to bound bilinear (Type II) sums of Kloosterman sums with composite moduli $c$, using Fourier analysis on $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}/c\mathbb{Z})$ and an amplification argument with non-abelian characters. For sums…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Alexandru Pascadi

For $q$ prime, $X \geq 1$ and coprime $u,v \in \mathbb{N}$ we estimate the sums \begin{equation*} \sum_{\substack{p \leq X \substack p \equiv u \hspace{-0.25cm} \mod{v} p \text{ prime}}} \text{Kl}_2(p;q), \end{equation*} where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Alexander Dunn , Alexandru Zaharescu

In recent years, there has been a lot of progress in obtaining non-trivial bounds for bilinear forms of Kloosterman sums in $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$ for arbitrary integers $m$. These results have been motivated by a wide variety of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-12 Christian Bagshaw

We obtain several asymptotic formulas for the sum of the divisor function $\tau(n)$ with $n \le x$ in an arithmetic progressions $n \equiv a \pmod q$ on average over $a$ from a set of several consecutive elements from set of reduced…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Bryce Kerr , Igor E. Shparlinski

We prove new bounds on bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums, complementing and improving a series of results by \'E. Fouvry, E. Kowalski and Ph. Michel (2014), V. Blomer, \'E. Fouvry, E. Kowalski, Ph. Michel and D. Mili\'cevi\'c (2017), E.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Bryce Kerr , Igor E. Shparlinski , Xiaosheng Wu , Ping Xi

We obtain a new estimate for Kloosterman sum with primes $p\leqslant X$ to composite modulo $q$, that is, for the exponential sum of the type \[ \sum\limits_{p\leqslant X,\;p\,\nmid q}\exp{\biggl(\frac{2\pi…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-25 M. A. Korolev

We establish improved bounds for bilinear forms with Kloosterman fractions of the form ${\sum\sum}_{m,n} \alpha_m \beta_n e(a\overline{m}/(bn))$ with $M<m\le 2M$, $N < n \le 2N$ and $(m,n)=1$. Our approach works directly with arbitrary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Anji Dong , Nicolas Robles , Dirk Zeindler

In this paper we give a refinement of the bound of D. A. Burgess for multiplicative character sums modulo a prime number $q$. This continues a series of previous logarithmic improvements, which are mostly due to H. Iwaniec and E. Kowalski.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Bryce Kerr , Igor E. Shparlinski , Kam Hung Yau

We establish power-saving estimates for general bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums modulo arbitrary q, including when both variables are shorter than the Polya-Vinogradov range. As an application, we obtain power-saving asymptotics for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Djordje Milićević , Xinhua Qin , Xiaosheng Wu

We revisit a recent bound of I. Shparlinski and T. P. Zhang on bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums, and prove an extension for correlation sums of Kloosterman sums against Fourier coefficients of modular forms. We use these bounds to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Valentin Blomer , Étienne Fouvry , Emmanuel Kowalski , Philippe Michel , Djordje Milićević

In this paper we study incidences for hyperbolas in $\mathbf{F}_p$ and show how linear sum--product methods work for such curves. As an application we give a purely combinatorial proof of a nontrivial upper bound for bilinear forms of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-02 Ilya D. Shkredov

We prove non-trivial upper bounds for general bilinear forms with trace functions of bountiful sheaves, where the supports of two variables can be arbitrary subsets in $\mathbf{F}_p$ of suitable sizes. This essentially recovers the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-30 Ping Xi

We give nontrivial bounds for the bilinear sums $$ \sum_{u = 1}^{U} \sum_{v=1}^V \alpha_u \beta_v \mathbf{\,e}_p(u/f(v)) $$ where $\mathbf{\,e}_p(z)$ is a nontrivial additive character of the prime finite field ${\mathbb F}_p$ of $p$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Igor E. Shparlinski

Let $q$ be a positive integer, $\chi$ a nontrivial character mod $q$, $\mathcal{I}$ an interval of length not exceeding $q.$ In this paper we shall study the character sum analogue of the well-known Kloosterman…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Ping Xi

This work proves a Burgess bound for short mixed character sums in $n$ dimensions. The non-principal multiplicative character of prime conductor $q$ may be evaluated at any "admissible" form, and the additive character may be evaluated at…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Lillian B. Pierce

The series of some new estimates for the sums of the type \[ S_{q}(x;f)\,=\,\mathop{{\sum}'}\limits_{n\leqslant x}f(n)e_{q}(an^{*}+bn) \] is obtained. Here $q$ is a sufficiently large integer, $\sqrt{q}(\log{q})\!\ll\!x\leqslant q$, $a,b$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-05 M. A. Korolev

We establish the prime geodesic theorem for the modular surface with exponent $\frac{2}{3}+\varepsilon$, improving upon the long-standing exponent $\frac{25}{36}+\varepsilon$ of Soundararajan-Young (2013). This was previously known…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Ikuya Kaneko

Inspired by the work of Bourgain and Garaev (2013), we provide new bounds for certain weighted bilinear Kloosterman sums in polynomial rings over a finite field. As an application, we build upon and extend some results of Sawin and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Christian Bagshaw

In the paper, we establish a new estimate for Kloosterman sum over primes with respect to an arbitrary modulus $q$. This estimate together with some recent results of the second author are applied to the problem of solvability of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-09 M. E. Changa , M. A. Korolev
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