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The behaviour of a strongly-magnetized collisional electron-positron plasma which is optically thin to cyclotron radiation is considered, and the distribution functions accessible to it on the various timescales in the system are…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Daniel Kennedy , Per Helander

The behaviour of a collisional plasma which is optically thin to cyclotron radiation is considered, and the distribution functions accessible to it on the various timescales in the system are calculated. Particular attention is paid to the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Daniel Kennedy , Per Helander

We use (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics with exact longitudinal boost-invariance to study the influence of collision centrality and initial energy density on the transverse flow pattern and the angular distributions of particles emitted near…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

Anisotropic flow and fluctuations are sensitive observables of the initial state effects in heavy ion collisions and are characterized by the medium properties and final state interactions. Using event-shape observables, one can constrain…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-07-29 Suraj Prasad , Aswathy Menon K R , Raghunath Sahoo , Neelkamal Mallick

We show that experimental data on cumulants of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions probe the non-Gaussian statistics of the energy density field created right after the collision. We carry out a perturbative expansion of the initial…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-08-07 Rajeev S. Bhalerao , Giuliano Giacalone , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-05-18 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

The analysis of anisotropic flow of particles created in high energy heavy-ion collisions gives insight into the early stage of these reactions. Measurements of directed flow (v1), elliptic flow (v2) and flow of 4th and 6th order (v4 and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Markus D. Oldenburg

The effects of angular momentum conservation in peripheral heavy ion collisions at very high energy are investigated. It is shown that the initial angular momentum of the quark-gluon plasma should enhance the azimuthal anisotropy of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Becattini , F. Piccinini , J. Rizzo

Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies $E_{lab}\simeq$ (1--160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). We show that a simple correction factor, taking into account dissipative affects, allows us to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-12-30 Yu. B. Ivanov , I. N. Mishustin , V. N. Russkikh , L. M. Satarov

Collective flow reflects the dynamical evolution in high-energy heavy ion collisions. In particular, the elliptic flow reflects early collision dynamics.We present a systematic analysis of elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) for identified particles…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Shusu Shi

The centrality dependence of elliptic flow and how it is related to the physics of expansion of the system created in high energy nuclear collisions is discussed. Since in the hydro limit the centrality dependence of elliptic flow is mostly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 S. A. Voloshin , A. M. Poskanzer

We study elliptic and triangular flow in the collisions of deuteron-gold nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 200$ GeV at RHIC and of proton-lead nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV at the LHC, utilizing (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-04-23 Guang-You Qin , Berndt Müller

We study the relation between elliptic flow, $v_2$ and the initial eccentricity, $\varepsilon_2$, in heavy-ion collisions, using hydrodynamic simulations. Significant deviations from linear eccentricity scaling are seen in more peripheral…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler , Li Yan , Fernando G. Gardim , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Centrality and system geometry dependence of azimuthal anisotropy of charged hadrons measured in terms of the elliptic flow parameter are investigated using Au+Au event samples at incident beam energy $20$A GeV and $40$A GeV generated by…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-04-17 Soumya Sarkar , Provash Mali , Amitabha Mukhopadhyay

Anisotropic flow can offer significant information of evolution dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. A systematic study of the directed flow $v_1$ and elliptic flow $v_2$ of hard photons and free nucleons is performed for $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-10-13 S. S. Wang , Y. G. Ma , X. G. Cao , D. Q. Fang , C. W. Ma

Using ideal relativistic hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions, we study the collision energy dependence of radial and elliptic flow, of the emitted hadron spectra, and of the transverse momentum dependence of several hadronic particle ratios,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-07-22 Gregory Kestin , Ulrich W Heinz

Collective anisotropic particle flow, a general phenomenon present in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, can be separated from direct particle-particle correlations of different physics origin by virtue of its specific azimuthal pattern. We…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Bielcikova , S. Esumi , K. Filimonov , S. Voloshin , J. P. Wurm

When heavy ions collide at ultra-relativistic energy, thousands of particles are emitted and it is reasonable to attempt to use hydrodynamic descriptions, with suitable initial conditions, to describe the time evolution of the collisons. In…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Murray , BRAHMS Collaboration

The elliptic flow of emitted particles and fragments observed in heavy-ion reactions at high energy has become an important observable reflecting the pressure generated in the dense collision zone. More recently, the strength of the nuclear…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-28 W. Trautmann

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been extensively applied to high energy heavy-ion collisions. We review hydrodynamic calculations for Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies and provide a comprehensive comparison between the model and experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter F. Kolb , Ulrich Heinz