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We present a free and open-source tool for creating web-based surveys that include text annotation tasks. Existing tools offer either text annotation or survey functionality but not both. Combining the two input types is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Timo Spinde , Kanishka Sinha , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

Toxic sentiment analysis on Twitter (X) often focuses on specific topics and events such as politics and elections. Datasets of toxic users in such research are typically gathered through lexicon-based techniques, providing only a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Hina Qayyum , Muhammad Ikram , Benjamin Zhao , Ian Wood , Mohamad Ali Kaafar , Nicolas Kourtellis

Cyberbullying is a prevalent and growing social problem due to the surge of social media technology usage. Minorities, women, and adolescents are among the common victims of cyberbullying. Despite the advancement of NLP technologies, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Thushari Atapattu , Mahen Herath , Georgia Zhang , Katrina Falkner

Online texts with toxic content are a clear threat to the users on social media in particular and society in general. Although many platforms have adopted various measures (e.g., machine learning-based hate-speech detection systems) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yiran Ye , Thai Le , Dongwon Lee

We introduce a generic, language-independent method to collect a large percentage of offensive and hate tweets regardless of their topics or genres. We harness the extralinguistic information embedded in the emojis to collect a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Hamdy Mubarak , Sabit Hassan , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

In this work, we demonstrate how existing classifiers for identifying toxic comments online fail to generalize to the diverse concerns of Internet users. We survey 17,280 participants to understand how user expectations for what constitutes…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Deepak Kumar , Patrick Gage Kelley , Sunny Consolvo , Joshua Mason , Elie Bursztein , Zakir Durumeric , Kurt Thomas , Michael Bailey

Information Extraction is a well-researched area of Natural Language Processing with applications in web search and question answering concerned with identifying entities and relationships between them as expressed in a given context,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Erin Macdonald , Denilson Barbosa

Online harms are a growing problem in digital spaces, putting user safety at risk and reducing trust in social media platforms. One of the most persistent forms of harm is hate speech. To address this, we need tools that combine the speed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Paloma Piot , Diego Sánchez , Javier Parapar

This paper describes neural models developed for the Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Indo-Aryan Languages Shared Task 2021. Our team called neuro-utmn-thales participated in two tasks on binary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Anna Glazkova , Michael Kadantsev , Maksim Glazkov

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Sexism is very common in social media and makes the boundaries of freedom tighter for feminist and female users. There is still no comprehensive classification of sexism attracting natural language processing techniques. Categorizing sexism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Sima Sharifirad , Stan Matwin

The Web has become the main source for news acquisition. At the same time, news discussion has become more social: users can post comments on news articles or discuss news articles on other platforms like Reddit. These features empower and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Savvas Zannettou , Mai ElSherief , Elizabeth Belding , Shirin Nilizadeh , Gianluca Stringhini

Publicly available social media archives facilitate research in the social sciences and provide corpora for training and testing a wide range of machine learning and natural language processing methods. With respect to the recent outbreak…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Dimitar Dimitrov , Erdal Baran , Pavlos Fafalios , Ran Yu , Xiaofei Zhu , Matthäus Zloch , Stefan Dietze

We study Socially Unacceptable Discourse (SUD) characterization and detection in online text. We first build and present a novel corpus that contains a large variety of manually annotated texts from different online sources used so far in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Bruno Machado Carneiro , Michele Linardi , Julien Longhi

Though preceding work in computational argument quality (AQ) mostly focuses on assessing overall AQ, researchers agree that writers would benefit from feedback targeting individual dimensions of argumentation theory. However, a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Anne Lauscher , Lily Ng , Courtney Napoles , Joel Tetreault

Knowledge of slang is a desirable feature of LLMs in the context of user interaction, as slang often reflects an individual's social identity. Several works on informal language processing have defined and curated benchmarks for tasks such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Leonor Veloso , Lea Hirlimann , Philipp Wicke , Hinrich Schütze

The prevalence of digital media and evolving sociopolitical dynamics have significantly amplified the dissemination of hateful content. Existing studies mainly focus on classifying texts into binary categories, often overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Abinew Ali Ayele , Esubalew Alemneh Jalew , Adem Chanie Ali , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

Hate speech has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. Multiple approaches have been developed to detect hate speech using artificial intelligence, but a generalized model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Social media, particularly Twitter, has seen a significant increase in incidents like trolling and hate speech. Thus, identifying hate speech is the need of the hour. This paper introduces a computational framework to curb the hate content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anusha Chhabra , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma

We describe a gold standard corpus of protest events that comprise of various local and international sources from various countries in English. The corpus contains document, sentence, and token level annotations. This corpus facilitates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ali Hürriyetoğlu , Erdem Yörük , Deniz Yüret , Osman Mutlu , Çağrı Yoltar , Fırat Duruşan , Burak Gürel