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Contextuality has been identified as a potential resource responsible for the quantum advantage in several tasks. It is then necessary to develop a resource-theoretic framework for contextuality, both in its standard and generalized forms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-27 Cristhiano Duarte , Barbara Amaral

We present general principles underlying analysis of the dependence of random variables (outputs) on deterministic conditions (inputs). Random outputs recorded under mutually exclusive input values are labeled by these values and considered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-27 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Okay, Roberts, Bartlett and Raussendorf recently introduced a new cohomological approach to contextuality in measurement based quantum computation. We give an abstract description of their obstruction and the algebraic structure it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Sivert Aasnæss

Contextuality is a fundamental feature of quantum theory and is necessary for quantum computation and communication. Serious steps have therefore been taken towards a formal framework for contextuality as an operational resource. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-26 Barbara Amaral , Adán Cabello , Marcelo Terra Cunha , Leandro Aolita

In this paper, following an elementary line of thought which somewhat differs from the usual one, we prove once more that any deterministic theory predictively equivalent to quantum mechanics unavoidably exhibits a contextual character. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Karl Wienand

We develop the contextual measurement model (CMM) which is used for clarification of the quantum foundations. This model matches with Bohr's views on the role of experimental contexts. CMM is based on contextual probability theory which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Andrei Khrennikov

We study the contextuality of a three-level quantum system using classical conditional entropy of measurement outcomes. First, we analytically construct the minimal configuration of measurements required to reveal contextuality. Next, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Pawel Kurzynski , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

Contextuality and nonlocality are non-classical properties exhibited by quantum statistics whose implications profoundly impact both foundations and applications of quantum theory. In this paper we provide some insights into logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Leonardo Santos , Barbara Amaral

This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Gauranga Kumar Baishya

The Sheaf-Theoretic Contextuality (STC) theory developed by Abramsky and colleagues is a very general account of whether multiply overlapping subsets of a set, each of which is endowed with certain "local'" structure, can be viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

In this paper I conceptualise a novel approach for capturing coincidences between events that have not necessarily an observed causal relationship. Building on the Transcendental Information Cascades approach I outline a tensor theory of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-19 Markus Luczak-Roesch

Context modeling is essential to generate coherent and consistent translation for Document-level Neural Machine Translations. The widely used method for document-level translation usually compresses the context information into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zhengxin Yang , Jinchao Zhang , Fandong Meng , Shuhao Gu , Yang Feng , Jie Zhou

We uncover new features of generalized contextuality by connecting it to the Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) quasiprobability distribution. Quantum states can be represented by KD distributions, which take values in the complex unit disc. Only for…

Nowadays computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive. One of the important steps in pervasive computing is context-awareness. Context-aware pervasive systems rely on information about the context and user preferences to adapt their…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-07-09 Tam Van Nguyen , Wontaek Lim , Huy Nguyen , Deokjai Choi

Let random vectors $R^c=\{R_p^c:p\in P_c\}$ represent joint measurements of certain subsets $P_c$ of properties $p\in P$ in different contexts $c\in C$. Such a system is traditionally called noncontextual if there exists a jointly…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-09 Janne V. Kujala

Influence diagrams (IDs) are well-known formalisms extending Bayesian networks to model decision situations under uncertainty. Although they are convenient as a decision theoretic tool, their knowledge representation ability is limited in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Erman Acar , Rafael Peñaloza

We describe a cohomological framework for measurement based quantum computation, in which symmetry plays a central role. Therein, the essential information about the computational output is contained in topological invariants, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Robert Raussendorf

We consider four measures of contextuality, chosen for being based on the fundamental properties of the notion of contextuality, and for being applicable to arbitrary systems of measurements, both without and with disturbance. We have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Victor H. Cervantes , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

In this paper we attempt to analyze the physical and philosophical meaning of quantum contextuality. We will argue that there exists a general confusion within the foundational literature arising from the improper "scrambling" of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-19 Christian de Ronde

Graphs are commonly used to represent and visualize causal relations. For a small number of variables, this approach provides a succinct and clear view of the scenario at hand. As the number of variables under study increases, the graphical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-16 Santtu Tikka , Jouni Helske , Juha Karvanen