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Lifelong learning or continual learning is the problem of training an AI agent continuously while also preventing it from forgetting its previously acquired knowledge. Streaming lifelong learning is a challenging setting of lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Soumya Banerjee , Vinay K. Verma , Avideep Mukherjee , Deepak Gupta , Vinay P. Namboodiri , Piyush Rai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have rapidly evolved from specialized, rule-based programs to versatile, learning-driven autonomous systems capable of perception, reasoning, and action in complex environments. The explosion of data,…

Artificial neural networks have exceeded human-level performance in accomplishing several individual tasks (e.g. voice recognition, object recognition, and video games). However, such success remains modest compared to human intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Rahaf Aljundi

Supervised learning approaches to offline reinforcement learning, particularly those utilizing the Decision Transformer, have shown effectiveness in continuous environments and for sparse rewards. However, they often struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Joseph Clinton , Robert Lieck

When developing reinforcement learning agents, the standard approach is to train an agent to converge to a fixed policy that is as close to optimal as possible for a single fixed reward function. If different agent behaviour is required in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-29 David O'Callaghan , Patrick Mannion

Most artificial intelligence models have limiting ability to solve new tasks faster, without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The recently emerging paradigm of continual learning aims to solve this issue, in which the model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Ju Xu , Zhanxing Zhu

Memory-augmented LLM agents offer an appealing shortcut to continual learning: rather than updating model parameters, they accumulate experience in external memory, seemingly sidestepping the stability-plasticity dilemma of parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Recent developments in deep reinforcement learning are concerned with creating decision-making agents which can perform well in various complex domains. A particular approach which has received increasing attention is multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Arrasy Rahman , Stefano V. Albrecht

The goal of continual learning is to find a model that solves multiple learning tasks which are presented sequentially to the learner. A key challenge in this setting is that the learner may forget how to solve a previous task when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Liangzu Peng , Paris V. Giampouras , René Vidal

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning framework that enables controllable and diverse player behaviors without relying on human gameplay data. Existing approaches often require large-scale player trajectories, train separate models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Atahan Cilan , Atay Özgövde

Self-supervised representation learning has achieved remarkable success in recent years. By subverting the need for supervised labels, such approaches are able to utilize the numerous unlabeled images that exist on the Internet and in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Yilun Du , Chuang Gan , Phillip Isola

This paper introduces a framework for Planning while Learning where an agent is given a goal to achieve in an environment whose behavior is only partially known to the agent. We discuss the tractability of various plan-design processes. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 S. Safra , M. Tennenholtz

Reinforcement learning (RL) has produced spectacular results in games, robotics, and continuous control. Yet, despite these successes, learned policies often fail to generalize beyond their training distribution, limiting real-world impact.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 André Biedenkapp

We investigate opportunities and challenges for improving unsupervised machine learning using four common strategies with a long history in physics: divide-and-conquer, Occam's razor, unification and lifelong learning. Instead of using one…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Tailin Wu , Max Tegmark

Fully decentralized learning, where the global information, i.e., the actions of other agents, is inaccessible, is a fundamental challenge in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, the convergence and optimality of most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

A fundamental aspect of behaviour is the ability to encode salient features of experience in memory and use these memories, in combination with current sensory information, to predict the best action for each situation such that long-term…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stephen Kelly , Tatiana Voegerl , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Cedric Gondro

Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique to train an agent to perform a task. However, an agent that is trained using reinforcement learning is only capable of achieving the single task that is specified via its reward function. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Carlos Florensa , David Held , Xinyang Geng , Pieter Abbeel

Continual learning (CL) is the sub-field of machine learning concerned with accumulating knowledge in dynamic environments. So far, CL research has mainly focused on incremental classification tasks, where models learn to classify new…

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs), they still face bottlenecks while deploying in dynamic, real-world settings with primary challenges being concept drift and the high cost of gradient-based adaptation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Nitin Vetcha , Dianbo Liu