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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are evolving towards finer granularity to improve parameter efficiency. However, existing MoE designs face an inherent trade-off between the granularity of expert specialization and hardware execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jingze Shi , Zhangyang Peng , Yizhang Zhu , Yifan Wu , Guang Liu , Yuyu Luo

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve the scalability of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a small subset of relevant experts per input. However, the sheer number of expert networks in an MoE model introduces a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Building mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture for Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is emerging as a potential direction in parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) for its modular design and remarkable performance. However, simply stacking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jinyuan Feng , Zhiqiang Pu , Tianyi Hu , Dongmin Li , Xiaolin Ai , Huimu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Exploiting the heterogeneous capabilities of edge LLMs is crucial for diverse emerging applications, as it…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lyudong Jin , Yanning Zhang , Yanhan Li , Shurong Wang , Howard H. Yang , Jian Wu , Meng Zhang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Models via expert specialization induced by conditional computation. In practice, however, expert specialization often fails: some experts become functionally similar, while others…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient scaling of large language models by activating only a subset of parameters per input. However, existing MoE models suffer from two critical limitations: (1) inefficient token-to-expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Dachao Lin , Xuan He , Binfan Zheng , Yi Lin , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

Mixture-of-experts networks (MoEs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in modern deep learning. Despite their empirical success, the theoretical foundations underlying their ability to model complex tasks remain poorly understood. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingze Wang , Weinan E

Effective control of neural interfaces is limited by poor signal quality. While neural network-based electroencephalography (EEG) denoising methods for electromyogenic (EMG) artifacts have improved in recent years, current state-of-the-art…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Benjamin J. Choi , Griffin Milsap , Clara A. Scholl , Francesco Tenore , Mattson Ogg

Empowering Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) with image generation often leads to catastrophic forgetting in understanding tasks due to severe gradient conflicts. While existing paradigms like Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) mitigate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyue Liu , Zijian Zhang , Miles Yang , Zhao Zhong , Liefeng Bo , Ping Tan

Clustering high-dimensional data, such as images or biological measurements, is a long-standingproblem and has been studied extensively. Recently, Deep Clustering has gained popularity due toits flexibility in fitting the specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Andreas Kopf , Vincent Fortuin , Vignesh Ram Somnath , Manfred Claassen

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) has become the key to unlocking unparalleled scalability in deep learning. SMoE has the potential to exponentially increase parameter count while maintaining the efficiency of the model by only activating a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Rachel S. Y. Teo , Tan M. Nguyen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model architectures can significantly reduce the number of activated parameters per token, enabling computationally efficient training and inference. However, their large overall parameter counts and model sizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Arian Raje , Anupam Nayak , Gauri Joshi

We present a new supervised architecture termed Mediated Mixture-of-Experts (MMoE) that allows us to improve classification accuracy of Deep Convolutional Networks (DCN). Our architecture achieves this with the help of expert networks: A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Sebastian Agethen , Winston H. Hsu

In today's landscape, Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a crucial architecture that has been used by many of the most advanced models. One of the major challenges of MoE models is that they usually require much more memory than their dense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shuning Lin , Yifan He , Yitong Chen

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models embody the divide-and-conquer concept and are a promising approach for increasing model capacity, demonstrating excellent scalability across multiple domains. In this paper, we integrate the MoE structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xumeng Han , Longhui Wei , Zhiyang Dou , Zipeng Wang , Chenhui Qiang , Xin He , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer the promise of larger model capacity without the prohibitive costs of fully dense designs. However, in real-world inference serving, load skew across experts often leads to suboptimal device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shaoyu Wang , Guangrong He , Geon-Woo Kim , Yanqi Zhou , Seo Jin Park

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models outperform conventional models by selectively activating different subnets, named experts, on a per-token basis. This gated computation generates dynamic communications that cannot be determined beforehand,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Xudong Liao , Yijun Sun , Han Tian , Xinchen Wan , Yilun Jin , Zilong Wang , Zhenghang Ren , Xinyang Huang , Wenxue Li , Kin Fai Tse , Zhizhen Zhong , Guyue Liu , Ying Zhang , Xiaofeng Ye , Yiming Zhang , Kai Chen