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By sending systems in specially prepared quantum states, two parties can communicate without an eavesdropper being able to listen. The technique, called quantum cryptography, enables one to verify that the state of the quantum system has…
We survey the most important results and some recent developments about the secure key exchange protocol where the security is based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the robustness of classical physical information. We conclude that…
An authenticated encryption scheme allows messages to be encrypted and authenticated simultaneously. In 2003, Ma and Chen proposed such a scheme with public verifiability. That is, in their scheme the receiver can efficiently prove to a…
Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive in which Alice wishes to commit a secret bit to Bob. Perfectly secure bit commitment between two mistrustful parties is impossible through asynchronous exchange of quantum information.…
An elementary derivation of best eavesdropping strategies for the 4 state BB84 quantum cryptography protocol is presented, for both incoherent and two--qubit coherent attacks. While coherent attacks do not help Eve to obtain more…
We consider a communication scenario, in which an intruder tries to determine the modulation scheme of the intercepted signal. Our aim is to minimize the accuracy of the intruder, while guaranteeing that the intended receiver can still…
Quantum mechanical effects have enabled the construction of cryptographic primitives that are impossible classically. For example, quantum copy-protection allows for a program to be encoded in a quantum state in such a way that the program…
When studying safety properties of (formal) protocol models, it is customary to view the scheduler as an adversary: an entity trying to falsify the safety property. We show that in the context of security protocols, and in particular of…
We prove that the teleportation based quantum cryptography protocol presented in [Opt. Commun. 283, 184 (2010)], which is built using only orthogonal states encoding the classical bits that are teleported from Alice to Bob, is…
An information is a message which is received and understood. Information can be sent one person to another over a long range but the process of sending information must be done in a secure way especially in case of a private message.…
Consider a protocol in which Belinda seals a (classical) message. She gives the resulting sealed message to Charlie, who can either unseal and read the message or return it unopened to Belinda. If he returns it unopened, Belinda should be…
One of the applications of quantum technology is to use quantum states and measurements to communicate which offers more reliable security promises. Quantum data hiding, which gives the source party the ability of sharing data among…
Steganography is the art of concealing secret information by embedding it in an apparently innocent-looking message. Quantum steganography applies the principles of quantum mechanics to traditional steganography and, compared to the latter,…
In this paper, we design the first computationally efficient codes for simultaneously reliable and covert communication over Binary Symmetric Channels (BSCs). Our setting is as follows: a transmitter Alice wishes to potentially reliably…
In this paper it has been developed an algorithm for cryptography, using the Mellin's transform. Cryptography is very important to protect data to ensure that two people, using an insecure channel, may communicate in a secure way. In the…
Communication anonymity is a key requirement for individuals under targeted surveillance. Practical anonymous communications also require indistinguishability - an adversary should be unable to distinguish between anonymised and…
Recent research in quantum cryptography has led to the development of schemes that encrypt and authenticate quantum messages with computational security. The security definitions used so far in the literature are asymptotic, game-based, and…
State of the art generative models of human-produced content are the focus of many recent papers that explore their use for steganographic communication. In particular, generative models of natural language text. Loosely, these works…
Secure messaging applications often offer privacy to users by protecting their messages from would be observers through end-to-end encryption techniques. However, the metadata of who communicates with whom cannot be concealed by encryption…
"Quantum conversation" is a way in which two parties can communicate classical information with each other using entanglement as a shared resource. We present this scheme using a multipartite entangled state after describing its generation…