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We introduce a family of Generalized Continuous Maxwell Demons (GCMDs) operating on idealized single-bit equilibrium devices that combine the single-measurement Szilard and the repeated measurements of the Continuous Maxwell Demon…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-22 Juan P. Garrahan , Felix Ritort

A Maxwell's demon type ``information engine" which extracts work from a bath is constructed from a microscopic Hamiltonian for the whole system including a subsystem, a thermal bath, and a nonequilibrium bath of phonons or photons which…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Mark M. Millonas

We compute the entropy reduction in feedback controlled systems due to the repeated operation of the controller. This was the lacking ingredient to establish the thermodynamics of these systems, and in particular of Maxwell's demons. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-04-12 F. J. Cao , M. Feito

The nanoscopic isothermal machines are not only energy but also information transducers. We show that the generalized fluctuation theorem with information creation and entropy reduction can be fulfilled for the enzymatic molecular machines…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 Michal Kurzynski , Przemyslaw Chelminiak

Quantum dynamics can be driven by measurement. By constructing measurements that gain no information, effective unitary evolution can be induced on a quantum system, for example in ancilla driven quantum computation. In the non-ideal case…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Daniel K. L. Oi

Various biological and synthetic media out of equilibrium can be viewed as many-ratchet systems that rectify environmental noise through local measurements and information processing, like in Maxwell's prototypical demon. These systems pose…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-16 Bryan VanSaders , Michel Fruchart , Vincenzo Vitelli

We report two results complementing the second law of thermodynamics for Markovian open quantum systems coupled to multiple reservoirs with different temperatures and chemical potentials. First, we derive a nonequilibrium free energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-18 Krzysztof Ptaszynski , Massimiliano Esposito

A Brownian particle moving in a staircase-like potential with feedback control offers a way to implement Maxwell's demon. An experimental demonstration of such a system using sinusoidal periodic potential carried out by Toyabe et al. has…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-29 Kiran V , Toby Joseph

We show that applying feedback and weak measurements to a quantum system induces phase transitions beyond the dissipative ones. Feedback enables controlling essentially quantum properties of the transition, i.e., its critical exponent, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 D. A. Ivanov , T. Yu. Ivanova , S. F. Caballero-Benitez , I. B. Mekhov

The extraction of information from a quantum system unavoidably implies a modification of the measured system itself. It has been demonstrated recently that partial measurements can be carried out in order to extract only a portion of the…

We propose a new thermodynamic equality and several inequalities concerning the relationship between work and information for an isothermal process with Maxwell's demon. Our approach is based on the formulation a la Jarzynski of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

We study the entropy and information flow in a Maxwell demon device based on a single-electron transistor with controlled gate potentials. We construct the protocols for measuring the charge states and manipulating the gate voltages which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-01-22 J. Bergli , Y. M. Galperin , N. B. Kopnin

A quantum Maxwell demon is a device that can lower the entropy of a quantum system by providing it with purity. The functionality of such a quantum demon is rooted in a quantum mechanical SWAP operation exchanging mixed and pure states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 A. V. Lebedev , G. B. Lesovik , V. M. Vinokur , G. Blatter

The birth, life, and death of Maxwell's demon provoked a profound discussion about the interplay between thermodynamics, computation, and information. Even after its exorcism, the demon continues to inspire a multidisciplinary field. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 A. de Oliveira Junior , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Rafael Chaves

External piecewise-constant feedback control can modify energetic and entropic balances, allowing in extreme scenarios for Maxwell demon operational modes. Without specifying the actual implementation of external feedback loops, one can…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-30 Gernot Schaller

The common saying, that information is power, takes a rigorous form in stochastic thermodynamics, where a quantitative equivalence between the two helps explain the paradox of Maxwell's demon in its ability to reduce entropy. In the present…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-09 Amirhossein Taghvaei , Olga Movilla Miangolarra , Rui Fu , Yongxin Chen , Tryphon T. Georgiou

We analyze the information that one can learn about the state of a quantum two-level system, i.e. a qubit, when probed weakly by a nearby detector. In particular, we focus on the case when the qubit Hamiltonian and the qubit's operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-15 S. Ashhab , J. Q. You , Franco Nori

Maxwell's demon principle of extracting valuable resources through measuring fluctuations in the system already stimulated modern quantum physics. In contrast to classical physics, a free coupling to a probe and its free measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Atirach Ritboon , Radim Filip

We consider separating the problem of designing Hamiltonian quantum feedback control algorithms into a measurement (estimation) strategy and a feedback (control) strategy, and consider optimizing desirable properties of each under the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrew C. Doherty , Kurt Jacobs , Gerard Jungman

We theoretically investigate the extractable work in single molecule unfolding-folding experiments with applied feedback. Using a simple two-state model, we obtain a description of the full work distribution, from discrete to continuous…

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