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Assessing the stability of code generation from large language models (LLMs) is essential for judging their reliability in real-world development. We extend prior "structural-entropy concepts" to the program domain by pairing entropy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yewei Song , Tiezhu Sun , Xunzhu Tang , Prateek Rajput , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Jacques Klein

Static bug finders have been widely-adopted by developers to find bugs in real world software projects. They leverage predefined heuristic static analysis rules to scan source code or binary code of a software project, and report violations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Junjie Wang , Yuchao Huang , Song Wang , Qing Wang

Large language models achieve strong reasoning performance, yet existing decoding strategies either explore blindly (random sampling) or redundantly (independent multi-sampling). We propose Entropy-Tree, a tree-based decoding method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Longxuan Wei , Yubo Zhang , Zijiao Zhang , Zhihu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Tianyu Huang , Huiting Zhao , Chenfei Liu , Shenao Zhang , Junchi Yan

Software companies spend over 45 percent of cost in dealing with software bugs. An inevitable step of fixing bugs is bug triage, which aims to correctly assign a developer to a new bug. To decrease the time cost in manual work, text…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Jifeng Xuan , He Jiang , Yan Hu , Zhilei Ren , Weiqin Zou , Zhongxuan Luo , Xindong Wu

As of today the programming language of the vast majority of the published source code is manually specified or programmatically assigned based on the sole file extension. In this paper we show that the source code programming language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Shaul Zevin , Catherine Holzem

In the past couple of decades, significant research efforts are devoted to the prediction of software bugs. However, most existing work in this domain treats all bugs the same, which is not the case in practice. It is important for a defect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ehsan Mashhadi , Hossein Ahmadvand , Hadi Hemmati

To fix a software bug, you must first find it. As software grows in size and complexity, finding bugs is becoming harder. To solve this problem, measures have been developed to rank lines of code according to their "suspiciousness" wrt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-02 David Landsberg , Earl Barr

The code base of software projects evolves essentially through inserting and removing information to and from the source code. We can measure this evolution via the elements of information - tokens, words, nodes - of the respective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Adriano Torres , Sebastian Baltes , Christoph Treude , Markus Wagner

Process metrics, valued for their language independence and ease of collection, have been shown to outperform product metrics in defect prediction. Among these, change entropy (Hassan, 2009) is widely used at the file level and has proven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ethari Hrishikesh , Amit Kumar , Meher Bhardwaj , Sonali Agarwal

Audio-language models have recently demonstrated strong zero-shot capabilities by leveraging natural-language supervision to classify audio events without labeled training data. Yet, their performance is highly sensitive to the wording of…

In this paper will be presented new approach to entropy coding: family of generalizations of standard numeral systems which are optimal for encoding sequence of equiprobable symbols, into asymmetric numeral systems - optimal for freely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-21 Jarek Duda

Recent findings suggest that Information Retrieval (IR)-based bug localization techniques do not perform well if the bug report lacks rich structured information (eg relevant program entity names). Conversely, excessive structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

Neural networks have dramatically increased our capacity to learn from large, high-dimensional datasets across innumerable disciplines. However, their decisions are not easily interpretable, their computational costs are high, and building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Mackenzie J. Meni , Ryan T. White , Michael Mayo , Kevin Pilkiewicz

Bug fixing is a complex and time-consuming task in software development. Bug localization research tends to focus on the accuracy of automated tools that suggest source code files for developers to look at. However, little is known about…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Pablo Diaz Pedreira , Tamara Lopez , Michel Wermelinger

Reproducing system-level concurrency bugs requires both input data and the precise interleaving order of system calls. This process is challenging because such bugs are non-deterministic, and bug reports often lack the detailed information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Zhihui Yan , Chen Wang , Chadni Islam , Jiangfan Shi , Tingting Yu

Blind source separation (BSS) is a natural framework for studying how latent causes may be recovered from sensory mixtures, but deriving online and biologically plausible algorithms for structured (i.e., constrained to known domains) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Bariscan Bozkurt , Efe Ali Gorguner , Francesco Innocenti , Rafal Bogacz

Statistical fault localization is an easily deployed technique for quickly determining candidates for faulty code locations. If a human programmer has to search the fault beyond the top candidate locations, though, more traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Ezekiel Soremekun , Lukas Kirschner , Marcel Böhme , Andreas Zeller

Automatically locating a bug within a large codebase remains a significant challenge for developers. Existing techniques often struggle with generalizability and deployment due to their reliance on application-specific data and large model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Mahinthan Chandramohan , Dai Quoc Nguyen , Padmanabhan Krishnan , Jovan Jancic

Software quality assurance remains a major challenge in industrial environments, where large-scale and long-lived systems inevitably accumulate defects. Identifying the location of a fault is often time-consuming and costly, particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Pernilla Hall , Anton Ununger , Riccardo Rubei , Alessio Bucaioni

With the rapid growth of software scale and complexity, a large number of bug reports are submitted to the bug tracking system. In order to speed up defect repair, these reports need to be accurately classified so that they can be sent to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Fanqi Meng , Xuesong Wang , Jingdong Wang , Peifang Wang