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Containerization is a virtualization technique that allows one to create and run executables consistently on any infrastructure. Compared to virtual machines, containers are lighter since they do not bundle a (guest) operating system but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Luciano Baresi , Giovanni Quattrocchi , Nicholas Rasi

End-to-end approaches to autonomous driving have high sample complexity and are difficult to scale to realistic urban driving. Simulation can help end-to-end driving systems by providing a cheap, safe, and diverse training environment. Yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Matthias Müller , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Bernard Ghanem , Vladlen Koltun

Radiological material transportation is primarily facilitated by heavy-duty on-road vehicles. Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic control units or ECUs, which are small, embedded computers that communicate with sensors and each other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Samuel C Hollifield , Pablo Moriano , William L Lambert , Joel Asiamah , Isaac Sikkema , Michael D Iannacone

In the age of autonomously driving vehicles, functionality and complexity of embedded systems are increasing tremendously. Safety aspects become more important and require such systems to operate with the highest possible level of fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Jonas Fritzsch , Tobias Schmid , Stefan Wagner

Automotive software development requires engineers to test their systems to detect violations of both functional and drivability requirements. Functional requirements define the functionality of the automotive software. Drivability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Federico Formica , Nicholas Petrunti , Lucas Bruck , Vera Pantelic , Mark Lawford , Claudio Menghi

Electronic control units (ECUs) are essential for many automobile components, e.g. engine, anti-lock braking system (ABS), steering and airbags. For some products, the 3D pose of each single ECU needs to be determined during series…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Simon Baeuerle , Jonas Barth , Elton Renato Tavares de Menezes , Andreas Steimer , Ralf Mikut

In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Philipp Berger , Johanna Nellen , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Erika Abraham , Md Tawhid Bin Waez , Thomas Rambow

Understanding how people view and interact with autonomous vehicles is important to guide future directions of research. One such way of aiding understanding is through simulations of virtual environments involving people and autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 John Charlton , Luis Rene Montana Gonzalez , Steve Maddock , Paul Richmond

This paper focuses on the simulation of multi-die System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures using VisualSim, emphasizing chiplet-based system modeling and performance analysis. Chiplet technology presents a promising alternative to traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wajid Ali , Ayaz Akram , Deepak Shankar

The imitation learning of self-driving vehicle policies through behavioral cloning is often carried out in an open-loop fashion, ignoring the effect of actions to future states. Training such policies purely with Empirical Risk Minimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Eesha Kumar , Yiming Zhang , Stefano Pini , Simon Stent , Ana Ferreira , Sergey Zagoruyko , Christian S. Perone

Controller networks in today's automotive systems consist of more than 100 ECUs connected by various bus protocols. Seamless operation of the entire system requires a well-orchestrated interaction of these ECUs. Consequently, to ensure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Max J. Friese , Dirk Nowotka

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has become an integral component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) due to its ability to connect vehicles, pedestrians, infrastructure, and create situational awareness among vehicles.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ghayoor Shah , MD Saifuddin , Yaser P. Fallah , Somak Datta Gupta

In practical early-stage battery-electric vehicle studies, analysis workflows may become fragmented across spreadsheets, notebooks, and project-specific scripts, making reuse, audit, and extension harder. VEHRON is an open-source Python…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Subramanyam Natarajan

Modern vehicles are governed by a network of Electronic Control Units (ECUs), which are programmed to sense inputs from the driver and the environment, to process these inputs, and to control actuators that, e.g., regulate the engine or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Timothy Werquin , Roos Hubrechtsen , Ashok Thangarajan , Frank Piessens , Jan Tobias Muehlberg

Modern cars exist in an vast number of variants. Thus, variability has to be dealt with in all phases of the development process, in particular during model-based development of software-intensive functionality using Matlab/Simulink.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Arne Haber , Carsten Kolassa , Peter Manhart , Pedram Mir Seyed Nazari , Bernhard Rumpe , Ina Schaefer

SystemC-based Virtual Prototypes (VPs) at the Electronic System Level (ESL) are increasingly adopted by the semiconductor industry. The main reason is that VPs are much earlier available, and their simulation is orders of magnitude faster…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Mehran Goli , Rolf Drechsler

Co-simulation is a critical approach for the design and analysis of complex cyber-physical systems. It will enhance development efficiency and reduce costs. This paper presents a co-simulation framework integrating ROS 2 and MATLAB/Simulink…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Hangyu Teng

The automotive industry is currently undergoing a major transformation with respect to the Electric/Electronic (E/E) and software architecture, driven by a significant increase in the complexity of the technological stack within a vehicle.…

The Controller Hardware_in_the_loop (CHIL) simulation is gaining popularity as a cost_effective, efficient, and reliable tool in the design and development process of fast_growing electrified transportation power converters. However, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Jialin Zheng , Yangbin Zeng , Han Xu , Weicheng Liu , Di Mou , Zhengming Zhao