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Temporal event representations are an essential aspect of learning among humans. They allow for succinct encoding of the experiences we have through a variety of sensory inputs. Also, they are believed to be arranged hierarchically,…

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a promising approach to extend traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods to solve more complex tasks. Yet, the majority of current HRL methods require careful task-specific design and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine

Humans are able to understand and perform complex tasks by strategically structuring the tasks into incremental steps or subgoals. For a robot attempting to learn to perform a sequential task with critical subgoal states, such states can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Xinlei Pan , Eshed Ohn-Bar , Nicholas Rhinehart , Yan Xu , Yilin Shen , Kris M. Kitani

We consider the problem of learning discriminative representations for data in a high-dimensional space with distribution supported on or around multiple low-dimensional linear subspaces. That is, we wish to compute a linear injective map…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-07 Druv Pai , Michael Psenka , Chih-Yuan Chiu , Manxi Wu , Edgar Dobriban , Yi Ma

How do people decide how long to continue in a task, when to switch, and to which other task? Understanding the mechanisms that underpin task interleaving is a long-standing goal in the cognitive sciences. Prior work suggests greedy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Christoph Gebhardt , Antti Oulasvirta , Otmar Hilliges

In this work, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) structure which is capable of performing autonomous vehicle planning tasks in simulated environments with multiple sub-goals. In this hierarchical structure, the network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zhiqian Qiao , Zachariah Tyree , Priyantha Mudalige , Jeff Schneider , John M. Dolan

Solving robotic navigation tasks via reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging due to their sparse reward and long decision horizon nature. However, in many navigation tasks, high-level (HL) task representations, like a rough floor plan,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Jan Wöhlke , Felix Schmitt , Herke van Hoof

Legged robots navigating crowded scenes and complex terrains in the real world are required to execute dynamic leg movements while processing visual input for obstacle avoidance and path planning. We show that a quadruped robot can acquire…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Deepali Jain , Atil Iscen , Ken Caluwaerts

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is emerging as a promising approach to generate adaptive behaviors for robotic platforms. However, a major drawback of using DRL is the data-hungry training regime that requires millions of trial and error…

In complex manipulation scenarios (e.g. tasks requiring complex interaction of two hands or in-hand manipulation), generalization is a hard problem. Current methods still either require a substantial amount of (supervised) training data and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Simon Hangl , Emre Ugur , Sandor Szedmak , Justus Piater

It is challenging learning from demonstrated observation-only trajectories in a non-time-aligned environment because most imitation learning methods aim to imitate experts by following the demonstration step-by-step. However, aligned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Shanqi Liu , Junjie Cao , Wenzhou Chen , Licheng Wen , Yong Liu

We tackle the challenge of building embodied AI agents that can reliably solve long-horizon planning problems. Imitation learning from demonstrations has shown itself to be effective in training robots to solve a diversity of complex tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Dillon Z. Chen , Till Hofmann , Toryn Q. Klassen , Sheila A. McIlraith

Exploration in environments with sparse rewards has been a persistent problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Many tasks are natural to specify with a sparse reward, and manually shaping a reward function can result in suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Ashvin Nair , Bob McGrew , Marcin Andrychowicz , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

Learning policies for complex tasks that require multiple different skills is a major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). It is also a requirement for its deployment in real-world scenarios. This paper proposes a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Tianmin Shu , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) decomposes the policy into a manager and a worker, enabling long-horizon planning but introducing a performance gap on tasks requiring agility. We identify a root cause: in subgoal-based HRL, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shashank Sharma , Janina Hoffmann , Vinay Namboodiri

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is hypothesized to be able to leverage the inherent hierarchy in learning tasks where traditional reinforcement learning (RL) often fails. In this research, HRL is evaluated and contrasted with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Brendon Johnson , Alfredo Weitzenfeld

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown strong potential in multi-task scenarios, owing to their ability to transfer knowledge across diverse tasks. However, existing approaches often treat prior experiences and knowledge as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shicheng Ye , Chao Yu , Kaiqiang Ke , Chengdong Xu , Yinqi Wei

Despite of achieving great success in real-world applications, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is still suffering from three critical issues, i.e., data efficiency, lack of the interpretability and transferability. Recent research shows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Shuting Deng , Mu Jin , Zhihao Ma , Kebing Jin , Chen Chen , Chao Yu

Reinforcement learning algorithms struggle on tasks with complex hierarchical dependency structures. Humans and other intelligent agents do not waste time assessing the utility of every high-level action in existence, but instead only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Robby Costales , Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha