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Discriminant analysis, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), is a popular approach to classification problems. It is well known that LDA is suboptimal to analyze heteroscedastic data, for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Ruiyang Wu , Ning Hao

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a widely used technique for data classification. The method offers adequate performance in many classification problems, but it becomes inefficient when the data covariance matrix is ill-conditioned.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Maaz Mahadi , Tarig Ballal , Muhammad Moinuddin , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-known method for multiclass classification and dimensionality reduction. However, in general, ordinary LDA does not achieve high prediction accuracy when observations in some classes are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Kei Hirose , Kanta Miura , Atori Koie

In many social, economical, biological and medical studies, one objective is to classify a subject into one of several classes based on a set of variables observed from the subject. Because the probability distribution of the variables is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-19 Jun Shao , Yazhen Wang , Xinwei Deng , Sijian Wang

A novel approach for supervised classification analysis for high dimensional and flat data (more variables than observations) is proposed. We use the information of class-membership of observations to determine groups of observations…

In this paper, we propose a novel approach named by Discriminative Principal Component Analysis which is abbreviated as Discriminative PCA in order to enhance separability of PCA by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The proposed method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Hanli Qiao

We present a randomized Kaczmarz method for linear discriminant analysis (rkLDA), an iterative randomized approach to binary-class Gaussian model linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for very large data. We harness a least squares formulation…

Computation · Statistics 2025-01-09 Jocelyn T. Chi , Deanna Needell

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a traditional classification tool, suffers from limitations such as sensitivity to noise and computational challenges when dealing with non-invertible within-class scatter matrices. Traditional stepwise…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Siyu Wang , Kehui Yao

The polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis is a problem that can be leveraged using prognostication based learning procedures. Many implementations of PCOS can be seen with Machine Learning but the algorithms have certain limitations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Raunak Joshi , Abhishek Gupta , Himanshu Soni , Ronald Laban

Discriminant analysis (DA) is one of the most popular methods for classification due to its conceptual simplicity, low computational cost, and often solid performance. In its standard form, DA uses the arithmetic mean and sample covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Mia Hubert , Jakob Raymaekers , Peter J. Rousseeuw

Linear discriminant analysis improves class separability but struggles with non-linearly separable data. To overcome this, we introduce Deep Discriminant Analysis (DDA), which directly optimizes the Fisher criterion utilizing deep networks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Raül Pérez-Gonzalo , Andreas Espersen , Antonio Agudo

Researchers in the behavioral and social sciences use linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for predictions of group membership (classification) and for identifying the variables most relevant to group separation among a set of continuous…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-28 Ricarda Graf , Marina Zeldovich , Sarah Friedrich

Linear attention methods offer a compelling alternative to softmax attention due to their efficiency in recurrent decoding. Recent research has focused on enhancing standard linear attention by incorporating gating while retaining its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yingcong Li , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Ankit Singh Rawat , Maryam Fazel , Samet Oymak

We revisit Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis (Deep LDA) from a likelihood-based perspective. While classical LDA is a simple Gaussian model with linear decision boundaries, attaching an LDA head to a neural encoder raises the question of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Maxat Tezekbayev , Arman Bolatov , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been a useful tool in pattern recognition and data analysis research and practice. While linearity of class boundaries cannot always be expected, nonlinear projections through pre-trained deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jiahui Liu , Xiaohao Cai , Mahesan Niranjan

Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) is a widely used classification technique. Based on a training dataset, each class in the data is characterized by an estimate of its center and shape, which can then be used to assign unseen…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-13 Iwein Vranckx , Jakob Raymaekers , Bart De Ketelaere , Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a widely-used supervised dimensionality reduction method in computer vision and pattern recognition. In null space based LDA (NLDA), a well-known LDA extension, between-class distance is maximized in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Shuai Zheng , Feiping Nie , Chris Ding , Heng Huang

We present a novel approach to the formulation and the resolution of sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Our proposal, is based on penalized Optimal Scoring. It has an exact equivalence with penalized LDA, contrary to the multi-class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Luis Francisco Sanchez Merchante , Yves Grandvalet , Gerrad Govaert

Unsupervised learning on imbalanced data is challenging because, when given imbalanced data, current model is often dominated by the major category and ignores the categories with small amount of data. We develop a latent variable model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Fariba Yousefi , Zhenwen Dai , Carl Henrik Ek , Neil Lawrence

Under normality and homoscedasticity assumptions, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is known to be optimal in terms of minimising the Bayes error for binary classification. In the heteroscedastic case, LDA is not guaranteed to minimise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-27 Kojo Sarfo Gyamfi , James Brusey , Andrew Hunt , Elena Gaura