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The Photonic Lantern Nuller (PLN) is an instrument concept designed to characterize exoplanets within a single beam-width from its host star. The PLN leverages the spatial symmetry of a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL) to create…

At optical wavelengths, an exoplanet's signature is essentially reflected light from the host star - several orders of magnitude fainter. Since it is superimposed on the star spectrum its detection has been a difficult observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-07 Jorge H. C. Martins , Pedro Figueira , Nuno Santos , Christophe Lovis

In this white paper, we propose an upgrade to the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) consisting of the addition of a new 8m Unit Telescope (UT5). The primary goal of this upgrade is to optimise the VLTI for exoplanet detection by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-22 Óscar Carrión-González , Sylvestre Lacour , Mathias Nowak

Exoplanet research is essential for understanding planetary formation and the potential for life beyond our solar system. The direct imaging method captures exoplanet light while minimizing light from the host star. This is conventionally…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Suvinay Goyal , Yinzi Xin , Nemanja Jovanovic , Dimitri Mawet , Michael P. Fitzgerald

We present here a new observational technique, Phase Closure Nulling (PCN), which has the potential to obtain very high contrast detection and spectroscopy of faint companions to bright stars. PCN consists in measuring closure phases of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Gilles Duvert , Fabien Malbet , Alain Chelli , Rafael Millan-Gabet , John D. Monnier , Gail H. Schaefer

The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an upgrade to the Keck II adaptive optics system that includes an active fiber injection unit (FIU) for efficiently routing light from exoplanets to NIRSPEC, a high-resolution spectrograph.…

The characterization of extrasolar earth-like atmospheres for biosignatures remains one of the most compelling and elusive challenges in astronomy. Coronagraphy, nulling interferometry and free-flying occulters have been advanced as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-22 James P. Lloyd

The detection of exoplanets with the radial velocity method consists in detecting variations of the stellar velocity caused by an unseen sub-stellar companion. Instrumental errors, irregular time sampling, and different noise sources…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 L. A. Nieto , R. F. Díaz

Microlensing is a proven extrasolar planet search method that has already yielded the detection of four exoplanets. These detections have changed our understanding of planet formation ``beyond the snowline'' by demonstrating that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew Gould , B. Scott Gaudi , David P. Bennett

Herein is discussed the performance of spaceborne nulling interferometers searching for extra-solar planets, in terms of their extinction maps projected on-sky. In particular, it is shown that the designs of Spatial Filtering (SF) and…

Optics · Physics 2011-08-31 Francois Henault

The challenge for optical detection of terrestial planet is the 25 magnitude brightness contrast between the planet and its host star. This paper introduces a new pupil design that produces a very dark null along its symmetry axis. By…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David N. Spergel

Asgard/NOTT is an ERC-funded project hosted at KU Leuven and is part of a new visitor instrumental suite, called Asgard, under preparation for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). Leveraging nulling capabilities and the long VLTI…

Characterising the circumstellar dust around nearby main sequence stars is a necessary step in understanding the planetary formation process and is crucial for future life-finding space missions such as ESA's Darwin or NASA's Terrestrial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Defrère , O. Absil , V. Coudé du Foresto , W. C. Danchi , R. den Hartog

Seismic structure inversions have been used to study the solar interior for decades. With the high-precision frequencies obtained using data from the Kepler mission, it has now become possible to study other solar-like oscillators using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Lynn Buchele , Earl P. Bellinger , Saskia Hekker , Sarbani Basu

Space borne nulling interferometry in the mid-infrared waveband is one of the most promising techniques for characterizing the atmospheres of extra-solar planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their parent star, and possibly discovering…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-30 Francois Henault

Direct imaging characterization of extrasolar planets is often done at low spectral resolution. We model the spectrograph for the Gemini Planet Imager upgrade (GPI 2.0) and assess the instrument's potential for allowing observers to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Arlene Aleman , Bruce Macintosh , Mary Anne Limbach , Mark Marley , Jeffrey Chilcote , Quinn Konopacky , Dmitry Savransky

Despite numerous search campaigns based on a diverse set of observational techniques, exomoons - prospective satellites of extrasolar planets - remain an elusive and hard-to-pin-down class of objects. Yet, the case for intensifying this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Thomas O. Winterhalder , Antoine Mérand , Sylvestre Lacour , Jens Kammerer , Guillaume Bourdarot , Frank Eisenhauer

Radio wavelength astrometry of stars and other objects has a long and productive history. The use of that technique to determine whether stars have planets around them would cover a nearly unique part of the parameter space for detection of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-22 Bryan J. Butler , Brenda C. Matthews

The direct detection of exoplanets with high-contrast instruments can be boosted with high spectral resolution. For integral field spectrographs yielding hyperspectral data, this means that the field of view consists of diffracted starlight…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 Julien Rameau , Jocelyn Chanussot , Alexis Carlotti , Mickael Bonnefoy , Philippe Delorme

Current anomaly detection algorithms are typically challenged by either accuracy or efficiency. More accurate nonlinear detectors are typically slow and not scalable. In this letter, we propose two families of techniques to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 José A. Padrón Hidalgo , Adrián Pérez-Suay , Fatih Nar , Gustau Camps-Valls