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Polarization singularities and topological polarization structures are generic features of inhomogeneous vector wave fields of any nature. However, their experimental studies mostly remain restricted to optical waves. Here we report…

We derive transformation formulas for the generalized polarization tensors under rigid motions and scaling in three dimensions, and use them to construct an infinite number of invariants under those transformations. These invariants can be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-12-17 Habib Ammari , Daewon Chung , Hyeonbae Kang , Han Wang

Detection of cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) at the early stage enables prevention of cervical cancer, which is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Recently there is a great interest to use the optical…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-21 Nishkarsh Kumar , Jeeban Kumar Nayak , Asima Pradhan , Nirmalya Ghosh

We present a method based on Mueller calculus to calibrate linear polarimetric observations. The key advantages of the proposed way of calibration are: (1) that it can be implemented in a data reduction pipeline, (2) that it is possible to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Franco Joos , Esther Buenzli , Hans Martin Schmid , Christian Thalmann

The effects of the polarization characteristics of beam trains in optical long-baseline interferometers are well known and have led to difficulties in measuring the spatial coherence of astronomical sources in the past. This has been…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-23 Guy Perrin

Partially coherent electromagnetic sources with cylindrical symmetry and infinite extent radiating outwards are introduced. Their $3\times3$ cross-spectral density matrix is given through expansions of the field components in terms of basis…

The polarization state of light is a key parameter in many imaging systems. For example, it can image mechanical stress and other physical properties that are not seen with conventional imaging, and can also play a central role in quantum…

We describe the evolution of a paraxial electromagnetic wave characterizing by a non-uniform polarization distribution with singularities and propagating in a weakly anisotropic medium. Our approach is based on the Stokes vector evolution…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 K. Yu. Bliokh , A. Niv , V. Kleiner , E. Hasman

We demonstrate orientation-sensitive multimodal nonlinear optical polarizing microscopy capable of probing orientational, polar, and biaxial features of mesomorphic ordering in soft matter. This technique achieves simultaneous imaging in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-19 Taewoo Lee , Rahul P. Trivedi , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Mapping the intricate network of nerve fibers is crucial for understanding brain function. Three-Dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) and Computational Scattered Light Imaging (ComSLI) map dense nerve fibers in brain sections with…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Franca auf der Heiden , Markus Axer , Katrin Amunts , Miriam Menzel

Linear polarized light has been used to view the solar corona for over 150 years. While the familiar Stokes representation for polarimetry is complete, it is best matched to a laboratory setting and therefore is not the most convenient…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Craig E. DeForest , Daniel B. Seaton , Matthew J. West

Polarimetry aims to measure polarization information of an optical field, providing a new freedom to enhance performance of optical metrology. Furthermore, the polarimetry in infrared (IR) range holds a promise for a wide range of academic…

Double-pass polarimetry measures the polarization properties of a sample over a range of polar angles and all azimuths. Here, we present a tolerance analysis of all the optical elements in both the calibration and measurement procedures to…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-18 Yimin Yu , Nabila Baba-Ali , Gregg M Gallatin

Linearly polarized emission is described, in general, in terms of the Stokes parameters $Q$ and $U$, from which the polarization intensity and polarization angle can be determined. Although the polarization intensity and polarization angle…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-31 C. A. Herron , B. M. Gaensler , G. F. Lewis , N. M. McClure-Griffiths

Mueller polarimetry involves a variety of instruments and technologies whose importance and scope of applications are rapidly increasing. The exploitation of these powerful resources depends strongly on the mathematical models that underlie…

Optics · Physics 2020-01-03 José J. Gil , Ignacio San José

Wide-field imaging Mueller polarimetry is a revolutionary, label-free, and non-invasive modality for computer-aided intervention: in neurosurgery it aims to provide visual feedback of white matter fibre bundle orientation from derived…

An easily constructed and operated polarimeter precisely determines the relative Stokes parameters that characterize the polarization of laser light. The polarimeter is calibrated in situ without removing or realigning its optical elements,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-22 V. Wirthl , C. D. Panda , P. W. Hess , B. Spaun , G. Gabrielse

We develop a nonperturbative approach to the bulk polarization of crystalline electric insulators in $d\geq1$ dimensions. Formally, we define polarization via the response to background fluxes of both charge and lattice translation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xue-Yang Song , Yin-Chen He , Ashvin Vishwanath , Chong Wang

The depolarization properties of a medium with associated Mueller matrix M are characterized through two complementary sets of parameters, namely the three indices of polarimetric purity (IPP), which are directly linked to the relative…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-23 Jose J. Gil

Accurate characterization of polarization dependent light matter interactions in nanostructured systems is paramount for the development of chiral metasurfaces. It is also often challenging, because multiple anisotropic mechanisms, such as…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-27 Jeeban Kumar Nayak , Ebru Buhara , Olivier J. F. Martin