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$\varepsilon$-greedy is a policy used to balance exploration and exploitation in many reinforcement learning setting. In cases where the agent uses some on-policy algorithm to learn optimal behaviour, it makes sense for the agent to explore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Aakash Maroti

Effective exploration is a key challenge in reinforcement learning for large language models: discovering high-quality trajectories within a limited sampling budget from the vast natural language sequence space. Existing methods face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yiran Guo , Zhongjian Qiao , Yingqi Xie , Jie Liu , Dan Ye , Ruiqing Zhang , Shuang Qiu , Lijie Xu

Path-planning for autonomous vehicles in threat-laden environments is a fundamental challenge. While traditional optimal control methods can find ideal paths, the computational time is often too slow for real-time decision-making. To solve…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Qiang Le , Yaguang Yang , Isaac E. Weintraub

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to take decision based on a reward function. However, in the process of learning, the choice of values for learning algorithm parameters can significantly impact the overall learning process. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Adarsh Sehgal , Hung Manh La , Sushil J. Louis , Hai Nguyen

This work adopts the very successful distributional perspective on reinforcement learning and adapts it to the continuous control setting. We combine this within a distributed framework for off-policy learning in order to develop what we…

The problem of how to take the right actions to make profits in sequential process continues to be difficult due to the quick dynamics and a significant amount of uncertainty in many application scenarios. In such complicated environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zhendong Shi , Xiaoli Wei , Ercan E. Kuruoglu

Multi-step (also called n-step) methods in reinforcement learning (RL) have been shown to be more efficient than the 1-step method due to faster propagation of the reward signal, both theoretically and empirically, in tasks exploiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Lingheng Meng , Rob Gorbet , Dana Kulić

In this paper, we implement three state-of-art continuous reinforcement learning algorithms, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Policy Gradient (PG)in portfolio management. All of them are…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-11-20 Zhipeng Liang , Hao Chen , Junhao Zhu , Kangkang Jiang , Yanran Li

Evolution strategy (ES) has been shown great promise in many challenging reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, rivaling other state-of-the-art deep RL methods. Yet, there are two limitations in the current ES practice that may hinder its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Jiaxing Zhang , Hoang Tran , Guannan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has catalyzed significant advances in the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, effectively managing the exploration and exploitation trade-off remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiaofan Li , Ming Yang , Zhiyuan Ma , Shichao Ma , Jintao Du , Yu Cheng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhizhong Zhang , Xin Tan , Yanyun Qu , Lizhuang Ma , Yuan Xie

In reinforcement learning, reward shaping is an efficient way to guide the learning process of an agent, as the reward can indicate the optimal policy of the task. The potential-based reward shaping framework was proposed to guarantee…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yifei Chen , Lambert Schomaker , Francisco Cruz

Reinforcement learning is commonly applied in residential energy management, particularly for optimizing energy costs. However, RL agents often face challenges when dealing with deceptive and sparse rewards in the energy control domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junlin Lu , Patrick Mannion , Karl Mason

We propose Deterministic Sequencing of Exploration and Exploitation (DSEE) algorithm with interleaving exploration and exploitation epochs for model-based RL problems that aim to simultaneously learn the system model, i.e., a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Piyush Gupta , Vaibhav Srivastava

Deep Reinforcement Learning is gaining increasing attention thanks to its capability to learn complex policies in high-dimensional settings. Recent advancements utilize a dual-network architecture to learn optimal policies through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alberto Sinigaglia , Niccolò Turcato , Ruggero Carli , Gian Antonio Susto

Due to the sparse rewards and high degree of environment variation, reinforcement learning approaches such as Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) are plagued by issues of high variance when applied in complex real world environments.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Linhai Xie , Yishu Miao , Sen Wang , Phil Blunsom , Zhihua Wang , Changhao Chen , Andrew Markham , Niki Trigoni

Gradient descent typically converges to a single minimum of the training loss without mechanisms to explore alternative minima that may generalize better. Searching for diverse minima directly in high-dimensional parameter space is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Akshay Vegesna , Samip Dahal

Many cooperative multi-agent problems require agents to learn individual tasks while contributing to the collective success of the group. This is a challenging task for current state-of-the-art multi-agent reinforcement algorithms that are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Hassam Ullah Sheikh , Ladislau Bölöni

Deep reinforcement learning has recently achieved strong results in quadrupedal locomotion, yet policies trained in simulation often fail to transfer when the environment changes. Evolutionary reinforcement learning aims to address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Brian McAteer , Karl Mason

Deep learning and reinforcement learning methods have recently been used to solve a variety of problems in continuous control domains. An obvious application of these techniques is dexterous manipulation tasks in robotics which are…

Deep reinforcement learning has recently gained a focus on problems where policy or value functions are independent of goals. Evidence exists that the sampling of goals has a strong effect on the learning performance, but there is a lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Manfred Eppe , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter