Related papers: Dynamical and statistical bimodality in nuclear fr…
We compare the dispersion of the charges in a central rapidity box according to the Dual Parton Model with the predictions of statistical models. Significant deviations are found in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Hence the…
An detailed study of the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy--ion reactions is presented. In particular we determine temperatures from an analysis of the local momentum space distribution on one hand,…
The equation of state of nuclear matter suggests that at suitable beam energies the disassembling hot system formed in heavy ion collisions will pass through a liquid-gas coexistence region. Searching for the signatures of the phase…
An interesting opportunity to determine thermodynamic and transport properties in more detail is to identify generic statistical properties of initial density perturbations. Here we study event-by-event fluctuations in terms of correlation…
Multifragmentation is the dominant decay mode of heavy nuclear systems with excitation energies near their binding energies and is characterized by a multiple production of nuclear fragments with intermediate mass. At relativistic…
The presence of a phase transition in a finite system can be deduced, together with its order, from the shape of the distribution of the order parameter. This issue has been extensively studied in multifragmentation experiments, with…
To reconstruct the impact parameter distributions from the selected events sample or centrality, which is defined by two-observables, at intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, we extend the approach proposed by Das \textit{et al.} [Phys.…
Event-by-event fluctuations of hadronic patterns in heavy-ion collisions are studied in search for signatures of quark-hadron phase transition. Attention is focused on a narrow strip in the azimuthal angle with small $\Delta y$. The…
Vaporized and multifragmenting sources produced in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies are good candidates to investigate the phase diagram of nuclear matter. The properties of highly excited nuclear sources which undergo a…
Data on stopping in intermediate-energy central heavy-ion collisions are analyzed following transport theory based on the Boltzmann equation. In consequence, values of nuclear shear viscosity are inferred. The inferred values are…
Signals of bimodality have been investigated in experimental data of quasi-projectile decay produced in Au+Au collisions at 35 AMeV. This same data set was already shown to provide several signals characteristic of a first order,…
The numerical solutions of nonlocal and local Boltzmann kinetic equations for the simulation of peripheral and central heavy ion reactions are compared. The experimental finding of enhancement of mid-rapidity matter shows the necessity to…
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, properties of the initial state and effects arising during evolution of the medium, such as a transition between the hadronic and partonic phases, should reflect themselves in event-by-event…
The time evolution of particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions at intermediate energies ($E_{\rm lab} = 1.23-10A$ GeV) is studied by means of the UrQMD-3.5 transport model. The transport description incorporates baryonic…
The event-by-event analysis of heavy ions collisions is becoming possible with advent of large acceptance detectors: it can provide dynamical information which cannot be obtained from inclusive spectra. We identify some observables which…
Hydrodynamic fluctuations have been studied in a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena in the past decade. In high energy heavy ion collisions, there will be intrinsic fluctuations even if the initial conditions are…
In this talk the status and open questions of the phenomenological description of all the stages of a heavy ion reaction are highlighted. Special emphasis is put on event-by-event fluctuations and associated observables. The first part is…
Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, we study event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The calculated physical observables, including…
Mostly for the purpose of applications for the energy and the environment and for the design of sources of neutrons or exotic nuclides, intense research has been dedicated to spallation, induced by protons or light projectiles at incident…
Violent nuclear collisions are open systems which require a non-equilibrium description when the process should be followed from the first instants. The heated system produced in the collision, can no more be treated within an…