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The advent of data-driven real-time applications requires the implementation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on Machine Learning accelerators. Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is one such neural network accelerator that uses systolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Shamik Kundu , Ahmet Soyyiğit , Khaza Anuarul Hoque , Kanad Basu

Hardware failures are a growing challenge for machine learning accelerators, many of which are based on systolic arrays. When a permanent hardware failure occurs in a systolic array, existing solutions include localizing and isolating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Youssef A. Ait Alama , Sampada Sakpal , Ke Wang , Razvan Bunescu , Avinash Karanth , Ahmed Louri

Fault-Aware Training (FAT) has emerged as a highly effective technique for addressing permanent faults in DNN accelerators, as it offers fault mitigation without significant performance or accuracy loss, specifically at low and moderate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Systolic array has emerged as a prominent architecture for Deep Neural Network (DNN) hardware accelerators, providing high-throughput and low-latency performance essential for deploying DNNs across diverse applications. However, when used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mahdi Taheri , Masoud Daneshtalab , Jaan Raik , Maksim Jenihhin , Salvatore Pappalardo , Paul Jimenez , Bastien Deveautour , Alberto Bosio

The emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in mission- and safety-critical applications brings their reliability to the front. High performance demands of DNNs require the use of specialized hardware accelerators. Systolic array…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Natalia Cherezova , Artur Jutman , Maksim Jenihhin

Fault-aware retraining has emerged as a prominent technique for mitigating permanent faults in Deep Neural Network (DNN) hardware accelerators. However, retraining leads to huge overheads, specifically when used for fine-tuning large DNNs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Deep neural networks (DNN) are increasingly being accelerated on application-specific hardware such as the Google TPU designed especially for deep learning. Timing speculation is a promising approach to further increase the energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Jeff Zhang , Siddharth Garg

The exponential emergence of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has accelerated the research of hardware implementation of Deep Neural Network (DNN). Among all DNN processors, domain specific architectures, such as, Google's Tensor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Rourab Paul , Sreetama Sarkar , Suman Sau , Koushik Chakraborty , Sanghamitra Roy , Amlan Chakrabarti

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are extensively used to improve the computational efficiency of DNNs, but are prone to faults through Single-Event Upsets (SEUs). In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of the impact of SEUs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Naïn Jonckers , Toon Vinck , Gert Dekkers , Peter Karsmakers , Jeffrey Prinzie

Systolic array-based deep neural network (DNN) accelerators have recently gained prominence for their low computational cost. However, their high energy consumption poses a bottleneck to their deployment in energy-constrained devices. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Ayesha Siddique , Kanad Basu , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Tensor processing units (TPUs) are one of the most well-known machine learning (ML) accelerators utilized at large scale in data centers as well as in tiny ML applications. TPUs offer several improvements and advantages over conventional ML…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mohammed Elbtity , Peyton Chandarana , Ramtin Zand

Systolic arrays are a prominent choice for deep neural network (DNN) accelerators because they offer parallelism and efficient data reuse. Improving the reliability of DNN accelerators is crucial as hardware faults can degrade the accuracy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Wei-Kai Liu

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos

Permanent faults induced due to imperfections in the manufacturing process of Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are a major concern, as they negatively impact the manufacturing yield of the chip fabrication process. Fault-aware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are inherently computation-intensive and also power-hungry. Hardware accelerators such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a promising solution that can satisfy these requirements for both embedded and…

The stringent requirements for the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) accelerator's reliability stand along with the need for reducing the computational burden on the hardware platforms, i.e. reducing the energy consumption and execution time as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Mahdi Taheri , Natalia Cherezova , Mohammad Saeed Ansari , Maksim Jenihhin , Ali Mahani , Masoud Daneshtalab , Jaan Raik

Approximate computing is known for enhancing deep neural network accelerators' energy efficiency by introducing inexactness with a tolerable accuracy loss. However, small accuracy variations may increase the sensitivity of these…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ayesha Siddique , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are state-of-the-art algorithms for multiple applications, spanning from image classification to speech recognition. While providing excellent accuracy, they often have enormous compute and memory requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Ussama Zahid , Giulio Gambardella , Nicholas J. Fraser , Michaela Blott , Kees Vissers

Transformers are gaining increasing attention across Natural Language Processing (NLP) application domains due to their outstanding accuracy. However, these data-intensive models add significant performance demands to the existing computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ahmed J. Abdelmaksoud , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis
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