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We consider the calculation of ground-state expectation values for the non-Hermitian Z(N) spin chain described by free parafermions. For N=2 the model reduces to the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field with open boundary conditions.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-10 Zi-Zhong Liu , Robert A. Henry , Murray T. Batchelor , Huan-Qiang Zhou

A nonzero non-Hermitian winding number indicates that a gapped system is in a nontrivial topological class due to the non-Hermiticity of its Hamiltonian. While for Hermitian systems nontrivial topological quantum numbers are reflected by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Heinrich-Gregor Zirnstein , Bernd Rosenow

Bulk boundary correspondence is crucial to topological insulator as it associates the boundary states (with zero energy, chiral or helical) to topological numbers defined in bulk. The application of this correspondence needs a prerequisite…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-18 Ye Xiong

We calculated the spectral properties of two related families of non-Hermitian free-particle quantum chains with $N$-multispin interactions ($N=2,3,\ldots$). The first family have a $Z(N)$ symmetry and are described by free parafermions.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-23 Francisco C. Alcaraz , Lucas M. Ramos

Results are given for the ground state energy and excitation spectrum of a simple $N$-state $Z_N$ spin chain described by free parafermions. The model is non-Hermitian for $N \ge 3$ with a real ground state energy and a complex excitation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-24 Francisco C Alcaraz , Murray T Batchelor , Zi-Zhong Liu

We introduce a new a family of $Z(N)$ multispins quantum chains with a free-fermionic ($N=2$) or free-parafermionic ($N>2$) eigenspectrum. The models have $(p+1)$ interacting spins ($p=1,2,\dots$), being Hermitian in the $Z(2)$ (Ising) case…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-09 Francisco C. Alcaraz , Rodrigo A. Pimenta

Genuinely non-Hermitian topological phases can be realized in open systems with sufficiently strong gain and loss; in such phases, the Hamiltonian cannot be deformed into a gapped Hermitian Hamiltonian without energy bands touching each…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Heinrich-Gregor Zirnstein , Gil Refael , Bernd Rosenow

It is well-known that the standard bulk-boundary correspondence does not hold for non-Hermitian systems in which also new phenomena such as exceptional points do occur. Here we study, mostly by analytical means, a paradigmatic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-24 Yasamin Mardani , Rodrigo A. Pimenta , Jesko Sirker

We study the thermodynamic limit of the anisotropic XYZ spin chain with non-diagonal integrable open boundary conditions. Although the $U(1)$-symmetry is broken, by using the new parametrization scheme, we exactly obtain the surface energy…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Zhirong Xin , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Yupeng Wang

Non-Hermitian systems with non-reciprocal hopping may display the non-Hermitian skin effect, where states under open boundary conditions localize exponentially at one edge of the system. This localization has been linked to spectral winding…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-01 Clément Fortin , Kai Wang , T. Pereg-Barnea

We study the realizations of topological defects in 1d quantum Ising model with open boundary condition at criticality. Applying the construction discussed in [M. Hauru, G. Evenbly, W. W. Ho, D. Gaiotto, and G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. B 94,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-13 Yoshiki Fukusumi , Shumpei Iino

The XX spin-chain with non-Hermitian diagonal boundary conditions is shown to be quasi-Hermitian for special values of the boundary parameters. This is proved by explicit construction of a new inner product employing a "quasi-fermion"…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Christian Korff

The interplay between bulk properties and boundary conditions in one-dimensional quantum systems, gives rise to many intriguing phenomena. These include the emergence of zero energy modes which are of significant interest to a variety of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-02 Parameshwar R. Pasnoori , Patrick Azaria , Colin Rylands , Natan Andrei

The behavior of higher-order boundary states in non-Hermitian systems is elusive and thereby finding the mechanism behind these states is both essential and significant. Here, we uncover a novel mechanism that induces anomalous higher-order…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Hui-Qiang Liang , Zuxuan Ou , Linhu Li , Guo-Fu Xu

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit striking exceptions from the paradigmatic bulk-boundary correspondence, including the failure of bulk Bloch band invariants in predicting boundary states and the (dis)appearance of boundary states at parameter…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-17 Flore K. Kunst , Elisabet Edvardsson , Jan Carl Budich , Emil J. Bergholtz

Advance in quantum simulations using trapped ions or superconducting elements allows detailed analysis of the transverse field Ising model (TFIM), which can exhibit a quantum phase transition and has been a paradigm in exactly solvable…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-22 Yan He , Hao Guo

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which describe a wide range of dissipative systems, and higher-order topological phases, which exhibit novel boundary states on corners and hinges, comprise two areas of intense current research. Here we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Elisabet Edvardsson , Flore K. Kunst , Emil J. Bergholtz

Standard statistical mechanical or condensed matter arguments tell us that bulk properties of a physical system do not depend too much on boundary conditions. Random tilings of large regions provide counterexamples to such intuition, as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-17 Jean-Marie Stéphan

The $N$ site open XXZ quantum spin chain with a right non-diagonal boundary and special diagonal left boundary is considered. The boundary non-local charges originally obtained from a field theoretical viewpoint, for the sine Gordon model…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Anastasia Doikou

Bulk-boundary correspondence is the cornerstone of topological physics. In some non-Hermitian topological system this fundamental relation is broken in the sense that the topological number calculated for the Bloch energy band under the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 Ken-Ichiro Imura , Yositake Takane
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