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Dust is a key component of galaxies, but its properties during the earliest eras of structure formation remain elusive. Here we present a simple semi-analytic model of the dust distribution in galaxies at $z \gtrsim 5$. We calibrate the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-08 Roy J. Zhao , Steven R. Furlanetto

The cumulative comoving number-density of galaxies as a function of stellar mass or central velocity dispersion is commonly used to link galaxy populations across different epochs. By assuming that galaxies preserve their number-density in…

The use of submm dust continuum emission to probe the mass of interstellar dust and gas in galaxies is empirically calibrated using samples of local star forming galaxies, Planck observations of the Milky Way and high redshift submm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 N. Scoville , H. Aussel , K. Sheth , K. S. Scott , D. Sanders , R. Ivison , A. Pope , P. Capak , P. Vanden Bout , S. Manohar , J. Kartaltepe , S. Lilly

In recent years, interstellar dust has become a crucial topic in the study of the high and very high redshift Universe. Evidence points to the existence of high dust masses in massive star forming galaxies already during the Epoch of…

The rapid depletion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks limits the time available for planetesimal formation, as solids are typically accreted onto the central star before dust particles can undergo substantial growth. Dust traps…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 D. Tarczay-Nehéz

We model the effect of grain size distribution in a galaxy on the evolution of CO and H$_2$ abundances. The formation and dissociation of CO and H$_2$ in typical dense clouds are modelled in a manner consistent with the grain size…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-10 Hiroyuki Hirashita

Single flux density measurements at observed-frame sub-millimeter and millimeter wavelengths are commonly used to probe dust and gas masses in galaxies. In this Letter, we explore the robustness of this method to infer dust mass, focusing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-16 R. K. Cochrane , C. C. Hayward , D. Anglés-Alcázar

We examine the dust-to-gas ratio as a function of metallicity for dwarf galaxies [dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs) and blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDGs)]. Using a one-zone model and adopting the instantaneous recycling approximation, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 H. Hirashita

We implement a detailed dust model into the L-Galaxies semi-analytical model which includes: injection of dust by type II and type Ia supernovae (SNe) and AGB stars; grain growth in molecular clouds; and destruction due to supernova-induced…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-24 Aswin P. Vijayan , Scott J. Clay , Peter A. Thomas , Robert M. Yates , Stephen M. Wilkins , Bruno M. Henriques

We investigate models of self-consistent chemical enrichment of the intergalactic medium (IGM) from z=6 to 1.5, based on hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation that incorporate galactic outflows. Our main result is that outflow…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-21 Benjamin D. Oppenheimer , Romeel Davé

We explore evolution in the dust-to-gas ratio with density within four well-resolved Local Group galaxies - the LMC, SMC, M31, and M33. We do this using new ${\it Herschel}$ maps, which restore extended emission that was missed by previous…

We examine the growth of the stellar content of galaxies from z=3-0 in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations incorporating parameterised galactic outflows. Without outflows, galaxies overproduce stellar masses (M*) and star formation rates…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Romeel Davé , Benjamin D. Oppenheimer , Kristian Finlator

We present high resolution ($1024^3$) simulations of super-/hyper-sonic isothermal hydrodynamic turbulence inside an interstellar molecular cloud (resolving scales of typically 20 -- 100 AU), including a multi-disperse population of dust…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-19 Lars Mattsson , Akshay Bhatnagar , Fred A. Gent , Beatriz Villarroel

Interstellar dust links the formation of the first stars to the rocky planet we inhabit by playing a pivotal role in the cooling and fragmentation of molecular clouds, and catalyzing the formation of water and organic molecules. Despite its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-21 Danial Langeroodi , Jens Hjorth , Andrea Ferrara , Christa Gall

We develop a cosmological model for the evolution of dust grains in galaxies with a distribution of sizes in order to understand the origin of the Milky Way dust extinction curve. Our model considers the formation of active dust in evolved…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-11 Qi Li , Desika Narayanan , Paul Torrey , Romeel Davé , Mark Vogelsberger

The properties of interstellar grains, such as grain size distribution and grain porosity, are affected by interstellar processing, in particular, coagulation and shattering, which take place in the dense and diffuse interstellar medium…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-13 Hiroyuki Hirashita , Vladimir B. Il'in , Laurent Pagani , Charlène Lefèvre

We aim to constrain the dust mass and grain sizes in the interaction regions between the stellar winds and the ISM around asymptotic giant branch stars. By describing the dust in these regions, we aim to shed light on the role of low mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-21 M. Maercker , T. Khouri , M. Mecina , E. De Beck

Using a one-zone model for the evolution of dust in spiral galaxies and applying the instantaneous recycling approximation to the model equations, we investigate dust-to-gas ratio of spiral galaxies. Four processes are considered; dust…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 H. Hirashita

The recent results obtained by the modern telescopes and spacecrafts allow us for the first time to compare directly the mass, spatial density and size distribution of the dust grains in the regions of their production, processing and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 George Gontcharov

We present an empirical chemical evolution model that explains the distribution of metals in the interstellar medium (ISM) and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies based on the UniverseMachine and NeutralUniverseMachine models in the…

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