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Related papers: An Algebraic Framework for Runtime Verification

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Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Angelo Ferrando , Vadim Malvone

Autonomous systems are often used in changeable and unknown environments, where traditional verification may not be suitable. Runtime Verification (RV) checks events performed by a system against a formal specification of its intended…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Matt Luckcuck , Angelo Ferrando , Fatma Faruq

Runtime verification of temporal properties is essential for ensuring the correctness and reliability of real-time systems, particularly in cyber-physical systems. A significant challenge in this domain is the effective prediction of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alessandro Cimatti , Thomas M. Grosen , Kim G. Larsen , Stefano Tonetta , Martin Zimmermann

Certifying neural network robustness against adversarial examples is challenging, as formal guarantees often require solving non-convex problems. Hence, incomplete verifiers are widely used because they scale efficiently and substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mohammadreza Maleki , Rushendra Sidibomma , Arman Adibi , Reza Samavi

Assuring the safety and trustworthiness of autonomous systems is particularly difficult when learning-enabled components and open environments are involved. Formal methods provide strong guarantees but depend on complete models and static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Angelo Ferrando

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) designed in simulators, often consisting of multiple interacting agents (e.g. in multi-agent formations), behave differently in the real-world. We want to verify these systems during runtime when they are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Yiqi Zhao , Emily Zhu , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Lars Lindemann

This report presents the activities of the first working group of the COST Action ArVI, Runtime Verification beyond Monitoring. The report aims to provide an overview of some of the major core aspects involved in Runtime Verification.…

Implementing correct distributed systems is an error-prone task. Runtime Verification (RV) offers a lightweight formal method to improve reliability by monitoring system executions against correctness properties. However, applying RV in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Armando Castañeda , Gilde Valeria Rodríguez

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) designed in simulators behave differently in the real-world. Once they are deployed in the real-world, we would hence like to predict system failures during runtime. We propose robust predictive runtime…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Yiqi Zhao , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Lars Lindemann

Autonomous and robotic systems are increasingly being trusted with sensitive activities with potentially serious consequences if that trust is broken. Runtime verification techniques present a natural source of inspiration for monitoring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Robert Abela , Christian Colombo , Axel Curmi , Mattea Fenech , Mark Vella , Angelo Ferrando

Adaptivity in multi-function radar systems is rapidly increasing, especially when moving towards fully adaptive, cognitive radar systems. However, the large number of available system configurations makes the rigorous verification and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Pepijn Cox , Mario Coutino , Giuseppe Papari , Ahmad Mouri Sardarabadi , Laura Anitori

Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Davide Ancona , Angelo Ferrando , Viviana Mascardi

Runtime Verification (RV) studies how to analyze execution traces of a system under observation. Stream Runtime Verification (SRV) applies stream transformations to obtain information from observed traces. Incomplete traces with information…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Martin Leucker , César Sánchez , Torben Scheffel , Malte Schmitz , Daniel Thoma

Runtime verification is an effective automated method for specification-based offline testing and analysis as well as online monitoring of complex systems. The specification language is often a variant of regular expressions or a popular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Ramy Medhat , Yogi Joshi , Borzoo Bonakdarpour , Sebastian Fischmeister

Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Davide Ancona , Angelo Ferrando , Viviana Mascardi

Runtime verification is a computing analysis paradigm based on observing a system at runtime (to check its expected behaviour) by means of monitors generated from formal specifications. Distributed runtime verification is runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Giorgio Audrito , Ferruccio Damiani , Volker Stolz , Mirko Viroli

Runtime Verification deals with the question of whether a run of a system adheres to its specification. This paper studies runtime verification in the presence of partial knowledge about the observed run, particularly where input values may…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Hannes Kallwies , Martin Leucker , Cesar Sanchez

Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Benedikt Bollig

Autonomous systems must sustain justified confidence in their correctness and safety across their operational lifecycle-from design and deployment through post-deployment evolution. Traditional assurance methods often separate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Dhaminda B. Abeywickrama , Michael Fisher , Frederic Wheeler , Louise Dennis

Within Model-Driven Software Engineering, Domain-Specific Modelling has proven to be a powerful technique to specify systems and systems' behaviour in a formal, yet understandable way. Runtime verification (RV) has been successfully used to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Fernando Macías , Adrian Rutle , Volker Stolz , Torben Scheffel , Malte Schmitz
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