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This paper introduces an adversarial method to stress-test trained metrics to evaluate conversational dialogue systems. The method leverages Reinforcement Learning to find response strategies that elicit optimal scores from the trained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jan Deriu , Don Tuggener , Pius von Däniken , Mark Cieliebak

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to solve dialogue policy optimisation. Traditional RL algorithms, however, fail to scale to large domains due to the curse of dimensionality. We propose a novel Dialogue Management…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Iñigo Casanueva , Paweł Budzianowski , Pei-Hao Su , Stefan Ultes , Lina Rojas-Barahona , Bo-Hsiang Tseng , Milica Gašić

Learning an efficient manager of dialogue agent from data with little manual intervention is important, especially for goal-oriented dialogues. However, existing methods either take too many manual efforts (e.g. reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Zhuoxuan Jiang , Xian-Ling Mao , Ziming Huang , Jie Ma , Shaochun Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides an appealing formalism for learning control policies from experience. However, the classic active formulation of RL necessitates a lengthy active exploration process for each behavior, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ashvin Nair , Abhishek Gupta , Murtaza Dalal , Sergey Levine

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-domain dialogues. However, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in service dialogues, as they rely on noisy, low-quality human conversation data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuqin Dai , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Jie Wang , Zichen Luo , Jinpeng Wang , Yujie Wang , Ruiyuan Wu , Chaozheng Wang

The capacity for highly complex, evidence-based, and strategically adaptive persuasion remains a formidable great challenge for artificial intelligence. Previous work, like IBM Project Debater, focused on generating persuasive speeches in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Allen Roush , Devin Gonier , John Hines , Judah Goldfeder , Philippe Martin Wyder , Sanjay Basu , Ravid Shwartz Ziv

Actor learning and critic learning are two components of the outstanding and mostly used Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning method. Since actor and critic learning plays a significant role in the overall…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Adarsh Sehgal , Muskan Sehgal , Hung Manh La

Conversational Tree Search (V\"ath et al., 2023) is a recent approach to controllable dialog systems, where domain experts shape the behavior of a Reinforcement Learning agent through a dialog tree. The agent learns to efficiently navigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Dirk Väth , Lindsey Vanderlyn , Ngoc Thang Vu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for addressing complex control problems, particularly those involving underactuated robotic systems. However, in some cases, policies may require refinement to achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Marco Calì , Alberto Sinigaglia , Niccolò Turcato , Ruggero Carli , Gian Antonio Susto

Deep reinforcement learning agents have recently been successful across a variety of discrete and continuous control tasks; however, they can be slow to train and require a large number of interactions with the environment to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Thomas Carr , Maria Chli , George Vogiatzis

Deep reinforcement learning has obtained significant breakthroughs in recent years. Most methods in deep-RL achieve good results via the maximization of the reward signal provided by the environment, typically in the form of discounted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Yubin Deng , Ke Yu , Dahua Lin , Xiaoou Tang , Chen Change Loy

The ability to act in multiple environments and transfer previous knowledge to new situations can be considered a critical aspect of any intelligent agent. Towards this goal, we define a novel method of multitask and transfer learning that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Emilio Parisotto , Jimmy Lei Ba , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Effective human-agent collaboration is increasingly prevalent in real-world applications. Current trends in such collaborations are predominantly unidirectional, with users providing instructions or posing questions to agents, where agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Emre Can Acikgoz , Jinoh Oh , Jie Hao , Joo Hyuk Jeon , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Xiang Li , Chengyuan Ma , Xing Fan

This paper presents an actor-critic deep reinforcement learning agent with experience replay that is stable, sample efficient, and performs remarkably well on challenging environments, including the discrete 57-game Atari domain and several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Ziyu Wang , Victor Bapst , Nicolas Heess , Volodymyr Mnih , Remi Munos , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Nando de Freitas

Dialog management (DM) is a crucial component in a task-oriented dialog system. Given the dialog history, DM predicts the dialog state and decides the next action that the dialog agent should take. Recently, dialog policy learning has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yinpei Dai , Huihua Yu , Yixuan Jiang , Chengguang Tang , Yongbin Li , Jian Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Modern approaches to text to speech require the entire input character sequence to be processed before any audio is synthesised. This latency limits the suitability of such models for time-sensitive tasks like simultaneous interpretation.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-16 Devang S Ram Mohan , Raphael Lenain , Lorenzo Foglianti , Tian Huey Teh , Marlene Staib , Alexandra Torresquintero , Jiameng Gao

We investigate the task of learning to follow natural language instructions by jointly reasoning with visual observations and language inputs. In contrast to existing methods which start with learning from demonstrations (LfD) and then use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wenhan Xiong , Xiaoxiao Guo , Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Bowen Zhou , William Yang Wang

The policy represented by the deep neural network can overfit the spurious features in observations, which hamper a reinforcement learning agent from learning effective policy. This issue becomes severe in high-dimensional state, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Reinforcement Learning algorithms can learn complex behavioral patterns for sequential decision making tasks wherein an agent interacts with an environment and acquires feedback in the form of rewards sampled from it. Traditionally, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Sahil Sharma , Aravind Srinivas , Balaraman Ravindran