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Related papers: A Unified Approach for Multi-step Temporal-Differe…

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Unifying seemingly disparate algorithmic ideas to produce better performing algorithms has been a longstanding goal in reinforcement learning. As a primary example, TD($\lambda$) elegantly unifies one-step TD prediction with Monte Carlo…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Kristopher De Asis , J. Fernando Hernandez-Garcia , G. Zacharias Holland , Richard S. Sutton

Temporal-difference (TD) learning is an important field in reinforcement learning. Sarsa and Q-Learning are among the most used TD algorithms. The Q($\sigma$) algorithm (Sutton and Barto (2017)) unifies both. This paper extends the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Markus Dumke

Full-sampling (e.g., Q-learning) and pure-expectation (e.g., Expected Sarsa) algorithms are efficient and frequently used techniques in reinforcement learning. Q$(\sigma,\lambda)$ is the first approach unifies them with eligibility trace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Long Yang , Yu Zhang , Qian Zheng , Pengfei Li , Gang Pan

Off-policy reinforcement learning with eligibility traces is challenging because of the discrepancy between target policy and behavior policy. One common approach is to measure the difference between two policies in a probabilistic way,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Longxiang Shi , Shijian Li , Longbing Cao , Long Yang , Gang Pan

Q($\sigma$) is a recently proposed temporal-difference learning method that interpolates between learning from expected backups and sampled backups. It has been shown that intermediate values for the interpolation parameter $\sigma \in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Brett Daley , Isaac Chan

Multi-step methods such as Retrace($\lambda$) and $n$-step $Q$-learning have become a crucial component of modern deep reinforcement learning agents. These methods are often evaluated as a part of bigger architectures and their evaluations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 J. Fernando Hernandez-Garcia , Richard S. Sutton

Soft Q-learning has emerged as a versatile model-free method for entropy-regularised reinforcement learning, optimising for returns augmented with a penalty on the divergence from a reference policy. Despite its success, the multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pranav Mahajan , Ben Seymour

Temporal-Difference (TD) learning is a standard and very successful reinforcement learning approach, at the core of both algorithms that learn the value of a given policy, as well as algorithms which learn how to improve policies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Mingde Zhao

One of the main obstacles to broad application of reinforcement learning methods is the parameter sensitivity of our core learning algorithms. In many large-scale applications, online computation and function approximation represent key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Martha White , Adam White

Temporal-Difference (TD) learning is a standard and very successful reinforcement learning approach, at the core of both algorithms that learn the value of a given policy, as well as algorithms which learn how to improve policies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Mingde Zhao , Sitao Luan , Ian Porada , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

In the landscape of TD algorithms, the Q($\sigma$, $\lambda$) algorithm is an algorithm with the ability to perform a multistep backup in an online manner while also successfully unifying the concepts of sampling with using the expectation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Abhishek Nan

Off-policy multi-step reinforcement learning algorithms consist of conservative and non-conservative algorithms: the former actively cut traces, whereas the latter do not. Recently, Munos et al. (2016) proved the convergence of conservative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Tadashi Kozuno , Yunhao Tang , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Steven Kapturowski , Will Dabney , Michal Valko , David Abel

Temporal difference (TD) methods constitute a class of methods for learning predictions in multi-step prediction problems, parameterized by a recency factor lambda. Currently the most important application of these methods is to temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-02-03 P. Cichosz

Off-policy learning from multistep returns is crucial for sample-efficient reinforcement learning, but counteracting off-policy bias without exacerbating variance is challenging. Classically, off-policy bias is corrected in a per-decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Brett Daley , Martha White , Christopher Amato , Marlos C. Machado

We develop methodology for a multistage decision problem with flexible number of stages in which the rewards are survival times that are subject to censoring. We present a novel Q-learning algorithm that is adjusted for censored data and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-31 Yair Goldberg , Michael R. Kosorok

This paper aims at presenting a new application of information geometry to reinforcement learning focusing on dynamic treatment resumes. In a standard framework of reinforcement learning, a Q-function is defined as the conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-17 Shinto Eguchi

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), single-step temporal-difference (TD) learning can suffer from bootstrapping error accumulation over long horizons. Action-chunked TD methods mitigate this by backing up over multiple steps, but can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gwanwoo Song , Kwanyoung Park , Youngwoon Lee

We propose and analyze an alternate approach to off-policy multi-step temporal difference learning, in which off-policy returns are corrected with the current Q-function in terms of rewards, rather than with the target policy in terms of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Anna Harutyunyan , Marc G. Bellemare , Tom Stepleton , Remi Munos

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is one promising approach to teaching robots to perform complex tasks. Because methods that directly reuse the stored experience data cannot follow the change of the environment in robotic problems with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Taisuke Kobayashi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a key approach for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models. However, widely used critic-free algorithms such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chaoli Mou , Zhan Zhuang , Xinning Chen , Yu Zhang
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