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Related papers: Infinite Soft Theorems from Gauge Symmetry

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Theoretical descriptions of observable quantities in cosmological perturbation theory should be independent of coordinate systems. This statement is often referred to as gauge-invariance of observable quantities, and the sanity of their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Jaiyul Yoo , Ruth Durrer

Working to all orders in dimensionally-regularized QCD, we study the radiation of a photon whose energy is much lower than that of external partons, but much larger than the masses of some quarks. We argue that the conventional soft photon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-14 Yao Ma , George Sterman , Aniruddha Venkata

Classical soft graviton theorem gives the gravitational wave-form at future null infinity at late retarded time $u$ for a general classical scattering. The large $u$ expansion has three known universal terms: the constant term, the term…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-02 Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen

S-matrix elements exhibit universal factorization when multiple infrared photons are emitted in scattering processes. We explicitly show that the leading soft factorization of tree-level amplitudes with the emission of any number of soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-13 Zhengwen Liu , Pujian Mao

An effective theory for the soft field modes in hot QCD has been obtained recently by integrating out the field modes of momenta of order T and g T. The mean hard particle distribution obeys a transport equation with a collision term. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 F. Guerin

We point out that the gauge-invariance of the subleading Lagrangian of soft-collinear effective theory is realised in an intricate way through momentum-conservation violating contributions. Although these terms are disregarded in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-01 Philipp Böer , Patrick Hager

In this article we use the sub$^n$-soft graviton theorems to construct the map $\Top$ from the spin-graded set of holomorphic functions on local celestial sphere patches to differential operators acting on the asymptotic data for massless…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-11 Mathias Charbonnier , Javier Peraza

The logarithmic soft photon theorem in four spacetime dimensions encodes an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry which acts on massive matter as a divergent superphaserotation. Here we extend this result to massless matter which is both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-12 Sangmin Choi , Ameya Kadhe , Andrea Puhm

In the context of softly-broken N=4 to N=2 supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theory, we calculate using semi-classical instanton methods, the lowest order non-trivial terms in the mass expansion of the prepotential for all instanton number. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 Timothy J. Hollowood

We show that the perturbative expansion of general gauge theories can be expressed in terms of gauge invariant variables to all orders in perturbations. In this we generalize techniques developed in gauge invariant cosmological perturbation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-11 Christoph Chiaffrino , Olaf Hohm , Allison F. Pinto

In this paper, we derive a soft theorem at leading and subleading orders within the context of BFSS matrix theory. Specifically, we consider the effective field theory describing interactions between bound states of D0-branes at leading…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-06 Davide Laurenzano , John F. Wheater

It is a common lore that the amplitude for a scattering process involving one soft Nambu--Goldstone boson should scale like an integer power of the soft momentum. We revisit this expectation by considering the $2 \to 2$ scattering of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-13 Tomáš Brauner , Angelo Esposito , Riccardo Penco

When a set of charged or dyonic objects scatter and subsequently disperse, the process generically emits electromagnetic radiation. The classical soft photon theorem constrains the constant term and leading power-law fall-off of the emitted…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-27 Sarthak Duary , Pabitra Ray

Soft graviton theorems receive one-loop contributions that are logarithmic in the energy of the soft graviton, and which are closely related to tails of gravitational waveforms. We demonstrate that these logarithmic corrections are encoded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-25 Shreyansh Agrawal , Laura Donnay , Kevin Nguyen , Romain Ruzziconi

The soft emission factor is a central ingredient in the factorization of generic $n$-particle gauge theory amplitudes with one soft gluon in the external state. We present the complete two-loop soft factor, capturing the leading power…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-24 Lance J. Dixon , Enrico Herrmann , Kai Yan , Hua Xing Zhu

All supersymmetric gauge theories based on simple groups which have an affine quantum moduli space, i.e. one generated by gauge invariants with no relations, W=0, and anomaly matching at the origin, are classified. It is shown that the only…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Gustavo Dotti , Aneesh V. Manohar

Scattering amplitudes in $d+2$ dimensions can be expressed in terms of a conformal basis, for which the S-matrix behaves as a CFT correlation function on the celestial $d$-sphere. We explain how compact expressions for the full tree-level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Tim Adamo , Lionel Mason , Atul Sharma

The description of low-energy (``soft") gravitons using universal theorems continues to attract attention. In this paper, we consider the emission of two soft gravitons, using a previously developed formalism that describes (next-to) soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Karan Fernandes , Feng-Li Lin , Chris D. White

Any non-trivial scattering with massless fields in four spacetime dimensions will generically produce an out-state with memory. Scattering with any massless fields violates the standard assumption of asymptotic completeness -- that all "in"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-04 Kartik Prabhu , Gautam Satishchandran

In the formulation of Cachazo, He, and Yuan, tree-level amplitudes for massless particles in gauge theory and gravity can be expressed as rational functions of the Lorentz invariants $k_a \cdot k_b$, $\epsilon_a \cdot k_b$, and $\epsilon_a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-28 Stephen G. Naculich