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Security is an important facet of integrated circuit design for many applications. IP privacy and Trojan insertion are growing threats as circuit fabrication in advanced nodes almost inevitably relies on untrusted foundries. A proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Joseph Sweeney , Samuel Pagliarini , Lawrence Pileggi

Logic obfuscation is introduced as a pivotal defense against multiple hardware threats on Integrated Circuits (ICs), including reverse engineering (RE) and intellectual property (IP) theft. The effectiveness of logic obfuscation is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rakibul Hassan , Gaurav Kolhe , Setareh Rafatirad , Houman Homayoun , Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao

Chip designers outsource chip fabrication to external foundries, but at the risk of IP theft. Logic locking, a promising solution to mitigate this threat, adds extra logic gates (key gates) and inputs (key bits) to the chip so that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Mohamed El Massad , Jun Zhang , Siddharth Garg , Mahesh V. Tripunitara

Integrated circuits (ICs) are essential to modern electronic systems, yet they face significant risks from physical reverse engineering (RE) attacks that compromise intellectual property (IP) and overall system security. While IC camouflage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Spintronic devices as alternatives to traditional semiconductor-based electronic devices attract considerable interest as they offer zero quiescent power, built-in memory, scalability, and reconfigurability. To realize spintronic logic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-12-04 Seung-heon Chris Baek , Kyung-Woong Park , Deok-Sin Kil , Kyung-Jin Lee , Byong-Guk Park

A new spin based logic device is proposed. It is comprised of a common free ferromagnetic layer separated by a tunnel junction from three inputs and one output with separate fixed layers. It has the functionality of a majority gate and is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Dmitri E. Nikonov , George I. Bourianoff , Tahir Ghani

Superconducting electronics are among the most promising alternatives to conventional CMOS technology thanks to the ultra-fast speed and ultra-high energy efficiency of the superconducting devices. Having a cryogenic control processor is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Shamiul Alam , Dana S. Rampini , Bakhrom G. Oripov , Adam N. McCaughan , Ahmedullah Aziz

Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

Strong physical unclonable function (PUF) is a promising solution for device authentication in resourceconstrained applications but vulnerable to machine learning attacks. In order to resist such attack, many defenses have been proposed in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Jiliang Zhang , Chaoqun Shen

Spintronics, the use of spin of an electron instead of its charge, has received huge attention from research communities for different applications including memory, interconnects, logic implementation, neuromorphic computing, and many…

PCBs are the core components for the devices ranging from the consumer electronics to military applications. Due to the accessibility of the PCBs, they are vulnerable to the attacks such as probing, eavesdropping, and reverse engineering.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Zimu Guo , Xiaolin Xu , Mark M. Tehranipoor , Domenic Forte

Logic locking has emerged to prevent piracy and overproduction of integrated circuits ever since the split of the design house and manufacturing foundry was established. While there has been a lot of research using a single global key to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Kevin Lopez , Amin Rezaei

Many cybersecurity attacks rely on analyzing a binary executable to find exploitable sections of code. Code obfuscation is used to prevent attackers from reverse engineering these executables. In this work, we focus on control flow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Novak Boskov , Mihailo Isakov , Michel A. Kinsy

Program obfuscation aims to hide the inner workings of a program while preserving its functionality. In the quantum setting, recent works have obtained obfuscation schemes for specialized classes of quantum circuits. For instance, Bartusek,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Mi-Ying Huang , Er-Cheng Tang

In this paper, we claim that cyclic obfuscation, when properly implemented, poses exponential complexity on SAT or CycSAT attack. The CycSAT, in order to generate the necessary cycle avoidance clauses, uses a pre-processing step. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Shervin Roshanisefat , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Avesta Sasan

Layout camouflaging can protect the intellectual property of modern circuits. Most prior art, however, incurs excessive layout overheads and necessitates customization of active-device manufacturing processes, i.e., the front-end-of-line…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), as hardware security primitives, exploit manufacturing randomness to extract hardware instance-specific secrets. One of most popular structures is time-delay based Arbiter PUF attributing to large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Yansong Gao , Said F. Al-Sarawi , Derek Abbott , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Damith C. Ranasinghe

Spin orbit torque (SOT) has been considered as one of the promising technologies for the next-generation magnetic random access memory (MRAM). So far, SOT has been widely utilized for inducing various modes of magnetization switching.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-10-19 Tongxi Liu , Zhaohao Wang , Min Wang , Chao Wang , Bi Wu , Weiqiang Liu , Weisheng Zhao

Tomography inference attacks aim to reconstruct network topology by analyzing end-to-end probe delays. Existing defenses mitigate these attacks by manipulating probe delays to mislead inference, but rely on two strong assumptions: (i) probe…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chengze Du , Heng Xu , Zhiwei Yu , Ying Zhou , Zili Meng , Jialong Li