Related papers: Light propagation in 2PN approximation in the fiel…
Equations of light, propagating from quasar to observer on earth, are integrated in the time-dependent gravitational field of the solar system by making use of either retarded or advanced solutions of the Einstein field equations. This…
Although the formulas for the light deflection due to quadrupole gravitational field of deflecting bodies are well known, the formulas are rather complicated, so that massive computations of quadrupole light deflection (e.g., in the…
Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon…
We calculate the time delay of light in the gravitational field of a slowly moving body with arbitrary multipoles (mass and spin multipole moments) by the Time-Transfer-Function (TTF) formalism. The parameters we use, first introduced by…
The relativistic theories of light propagation are generalized by introducing two new parameters $\varsigma$ and $\eta$ in the second post-Newtonian (2PN) order, in addition to the parameterized post-Newtonian parameters $\gamma$ and…
The time delay of a light signal in the quadrupole field of a body at rest is determined in the second post-Newtonian (2PN) approximation in harmonic coordinates. For grazing light rays at Sun, Jupiter, and Saturn the 2PN quadrupole effect…
It is shown that the complete description of the propagation of light in a gravitational field and in non-inertial reference frames in general requires an average coordinate and an average proper velocity of light. The need for an average…
The tangent vector of the light trajectory at future infinity and the angle of total light deflection in the gravitational field of an isolated axisymmetric body at rest with full set of mass-multipoles and spin-multipoles is determined in…
We calculate the delay in the propagation of a light signal past a massive body that moves with speed v, under the assumption that the speed of propagation of the gravitational interaction c_g differs from that of light. Using the…
The influence of radiative corrections on the photon propagation in a gravitational background is investigated without the low-frequency approximation $\omega \ll m$. The conclusion is made in this way that the velocity of light can exceed…
Propagation of light in the gravitational field of self-gravitating spinning bodies moving with arbitrary velocities is discussed. The gravitational field is assumed to be "weak" everywhere. Equations of motion of a light ray are solved in…
The time delay of a light signal which propagates in the gravitational field of an isolated body is considered. The body can be of arbitrary but time-independent shape and inner structure and can be in uniform rotational motion, while the…
The post-Newtonian approximation is a method for solving Einstein's field equations for physical systems in which motions are slow compared to the speed of light and where gravitational fields are weak. Yet it has proven to be remarkably…
As generally known, the speed of propagation of light in solid state bodies can be different from the speed of light in vacuum. That the mere presence of electric or magnetic fields in the vacuum can suffice to influence the speed of light,…
General relativistic deflection of light by mass, dipole, and quadrupole moments of gravitational field of a moving massive planet in the Solar system is derived in the approximation of the linearized Einstein equations. All terms of order…
A simple general relativity theory for objects moving in gravitational fields is developed based on studying the behavior of an atom in a gravitational field. The theory is applied to calculate the satellite time dilation, light deflection…
Within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory (STT), its second post-Newtonian (2PN) approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar's approach. By focusing on an $N$-point-masses system as the first step, we reduce the metric to its 2PN…
A simplified formula for light-deflection in the quadrupole field of moving massive bodies has been obtained in [1,2,3], which will be applied for Gaia data reduction. So far, in Gaia data reduction it has been assumed that the positions of…
Gravitational lensing by a spinning deflector in translational motion relative to the observer is discussed in the weak field, slow motion approximation. The effect of rotation, which generates an intrinsic gravito-magnetic field, separates…
Light does not travel in a perfectly straight line when it passes near massive objects. In this work, we calculate the gravitational deflection of light using the gauge theory of unified gravity [Rep. Prog. Phys. 88, 057802 (2025)],…