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The mechanism used by migratory birds to orientate themselves using the geomagnetic field is still a mystery in many species. The radical pair mechanism, in which very weak magnetic fields can influence certain types of spin-dependent…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Neill Lambert , Simone De Liberato , Clive Emary , Franco Nori

In spite of many years of research, the mechanism of avian magnetoreception remains a mystery due to its seemingly insurmountable intricacies. Recently Xie and colleagues proposed that IscA1 can act as a protein biocompass due to the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Shao-Qing Zhang

Birds have a remarkable ability to obtain navigational information from the Earth's magnetic field. The primary detection mechanism of this compass sense is uncertain but appears to involve the quantum spin dynamics of radical pairs formed…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-09-18 Daniel R. Kattnig , P. J. Hore

Sensing of the geomagnetic field direction by many living organisms is commonly thought to involve radical pairs, such as those formed photochemically between the flavin and tryptophan radicals in the cryptochrome proteins. Previous…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Victor Bezchastnov , Tatiana Domratcheva

Cryptochrome flavoproteins are prime candidates for mediating magnetic sensing in migratory animals via the radical pair mechanism (RPM), a spin-dependent process initiated by photoinduced electron transfer. The canonical FAD-tryptophan…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-01 Zou Chengye , Liu Ya-jun , Wang Beibei

This is an analysis of how magnetic fields affect biological molecules and cells. It was prompted by a series of prominent reports regarding magnetism in biological systems. The first claims to have identified a protein complex that acts…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-09 Markus Meister

The ability of migratory birds to orient relative to the Earth's magnetic field is believed to involve a coherent superposition of two spin states of a radical electron pair. However, the mechanism by which this coherence can be maintained…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-10-22 Zachary B. Walters

One of the principal models of magnetic sensing in migratory birds rests on the quantum spin-dynamics of transient radical pairs created photochemically in ocular cryptochrome proteins. We consider here the role of electron spin…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-11-11 Hannah J. Hogben , Till Biskup , P. J. Hore

We review the spin radical pair mechanism which is a promising explanation of avian navigation. This mechanism is based on the dependence of product yields on (1) the hyperfine interaction involving electron spins and neighboring nuclear…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Yiteng Zhang , Gennady P. Berman , Sabre Kais

Quantum sensing enables the ultimate precision attainable in parameter estimation. Circumstantial evidence suggests that certain organisms, most notably migratory songbirds, also harness quantum-enhanced magnetic field sensing via a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Luke D. Smith , Jonas Glatthard , Farhan T. Chowdhury , Daniel R. Kattnig

Photoreduction of cryptochrome protein in the retina is a well-known mechanism of navigation of birds through the geomagnetic field, yet the biosignal nature of the mechanism remains unclear. The absorption of blue light by the flavin…

Spin coupling between magnetic metal atoms and organic radicals plays a pivotal role in high-performance magnetic materials. The complex interaction involving multi-spin centers in bulk materials makes it challenging to study spin coupling…

The discovery of magnetic protein provides a new understanding of a biocompass at the molecular level. However, the mechanism by which magnetic protein enables a biocompass is still under debate, mainly because of the absence of permanent…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 Da-Wu Xiao , Wen-Hui Hu , Yunfeng Cai , Nan Zhao

Magnetic fields as weak as Earth's may affect the outcome of certain photochemical reactions that go through a radical pair intermediate. When the reaction environment is anisotropic, this phenomenon can form the basis of a chemical compass…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jianming Cai

The mechanism underlying magnetoreception has long eluded explanation. A popular hypothesis attributes this sense to the quantum coherent spin dynamics of spin-selective recombination reactions of radical pairs in the protein cryptochrome.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Luke D. Smith , Farhan T. Chowdhury , Iona Peasgood , Nahnsu Dawkins , Daniel R. Kattnig

Spin-mechanical coupling is vital in diverse fields including spintronics, sensing and quantum transduction. Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials provide a unique platform for investigating spin-mechanical coupling, attributed to their…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Fan Fei , Yulu Mao , Wuzhang Fang , Wenhao Liu , Jack P. Rollins , Aswin L. N. Kondusamy , Bing Lv , Yuan Ping , Ying Wang , Jun Xiao

The Radical Pair Mechanism can help to explain avian orientation and navigation. Some evidence indicates that the intensity of external magnetic fields plays an important role in avian navigation. In this paper, based on a two-stage…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yiteng Zhang , Gennady P. Berman , Sabre Kais

Many animal species were verified to use geomagnetic field for their navigation, but the biophysical mechanism of magnetoreception has remained enigmatic. This paper presents a special biophysical model that consists of magnetite-based and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 Yan Lu , Tao Song

We have investigated the coupling of lattice with spin via strain interactions in the CoFe2O4/PMN-PT composite system. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies illustrate a remarkable modification in CoFe2O4lattice across Curie…

Magneto-resistance is a physical effect of great fundamental and industrial interest since it is the basis for the magnetic field sensors used in computer read-heads and Magnetic Random Access Memories. As device dimensions are reduced,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Viret , M. Gabureac , F. Ott , C. Fermon , C. Barreteau , R. Guirado-Lopez
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