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Input devices, such as buttons and sliders, are the foundation of any interface. The typical user-centered design workflow requires the developers and users to go through many iterations of design, implementation, and analysis. The…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Yi-Chi Liao

Microservices are becoming the defacto design choice for software architecture. It involves partitioning the software components into finer modules such that the development can happen independently. It also provides natural benefits when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Utkarsh Desai , Sambaran Bandyopadhyay , Srikanth Tamilselvam

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have markedly expanded the competence of graphical user-interface (GUI) systems, propelling them beyond controlled simulations into complex, real-world environments across diverse platforms. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bin Lei , Nuo Xu , Ali Payani , Mingyi Hong , Chunhua Liao , Yu Cao , Caiwen Ding

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Non-functional properties, such as runtime or memory use, are important to mobile app users and developers, as they affect user experience. Previous work on automated improvement of non-functional properties in mobile apps failed to address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-23 James Callan , Justyna Petke

We introduce GraphicDesignBench (GDB), the first comprehensive benchmark suite designed specifically to evaluate AI models on the full breadth of professional graphic design tasks. Unlike existing benchmarks that focus on natural-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Adrienne Deganutti , Elad Hirsch , Haonan Zhu , Jaejung Seol , Purvanshi Mehta

Sketch2Prototype is an AI-based framework that transforms a hand-drawn sketch into a diverse set of 2D images and 3D prototypes through sketch-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-3D stages. This framework, shown across various sketches,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kristen M. Edwards , Brandon Man , Faez Ahmed

Multi-window mobile scenarios, such as split-screen and foldable modes, make GUI display defects more likely by forcing applications to adapt to changing window sizes and dynamic layout reflow. Existing detection techniques are limited in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinyao Zhang , Rui Wang , Jinhao Cui , Haotian Huang , Wei Xue , Wenhua Hu , Jianwen Xiang , Rui Hao

This study explores Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as a transformative tool for code refactoring, using abstract syntax trees (ASTs) to boost software maintainability. It analyzes a dataset of 2 million snippets from CodeSearchNet and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Gopichand Bandarupalli

The problem of code generation from textual program descriptions has long been viewed as a grand challenge in software engineering. In recent years, many deep learning based approaches have been proposed, which can generate a sequence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Chen Lyu , Ruyun Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Hanwen Zhang , Songlin Hu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, benefiting from recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLM), have achieved significant development. However, due to the frequent updates of GUI applications, adapting to new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhenquan Yao , Zitong Huang , Yihan Zeng , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Chun-Mei Feng , Jianwei Ma , Wangmeng Zuo

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for enhancing human productivity by assisting with computer tasks. Existing task formulations primarily focus on simple tasks that can be specified by a single,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Qinchen WU , Mingyi Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Developing web-based GIS applications, commonly known as CyberGIS dashboards, for querying and visualizing GIS data in environmental research often demands repetitive and resource-intensive efforts. While Generative AI offers automation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Haowen Xu , Xiao-Ying Yu

Graphic User Interface (GUI) is facing great demand with the popularization and prosperity of mobile apps. Automatic UI code generation from UI design draft dramatically simplifies the development process. However, the nesting layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Shuhong Xiao , Tingting Zhou , Yunnong Chen , Dengming Zhang , Liuqing Chen , Lingyun Sun , Shiyu Yue

Generative AI models are increasingly being integrated into human task workflows, enabling the production of expressive content across a wide range of contexts. Unlike traditional human-AI design methods, the new approach to designing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hari Subramonyam , Divy Thakkar , Andrew Ku , Jürgen Dieber , Anoop Sinha

Detection of Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements is a crucial task for automatic code generation from images and sketches, GUI testing, and GUI search. Recent studies have leveraged both old-fashioned and modern computer vision (CV)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Seyed Shayan Daneshvar , Shaowei Wang

UI prototyping often involves iterating and blending elements from examples such as screenshots and sketches, but current tools offer limited support for incorporating these examples. Inspired by the cognitive process of conceptual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yuwen Lu , Alan Leung , Amanda Swearngin , Jeffrey Nichols , Titus Barik

Aiming to help researchers capture output from the early stages of engineering design projects, this article presents a new research tool for digitally capturing physical prototypes. The motivation for this work is to collect observations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jorgen F. Erichsen , Heikki Sjöman , Martin Steinert , Torgeir Welo

We present Magic Layouts; a method for parsing screenshots or hand-drawn sketches of user interface (UI) layouts. Our core contribution is to extend existing detectors to exploit a learned structural prior for UI designs, enabling robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Dipu Manandhar , Hailin Jin , John Collomosse

Existing GUI agent models relying on coordinate-based one-step visual grounding struggle with generalizing to varying input resolutions and aspect ratios. Alternatives introduce coordinate-free strategies yet suffer from learning under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaoce Wang , Guibin Zhang , Junzhe Li , Jinzhe Tu , Chun Li , Ming Li