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This paper gives direct derivations of the differential equations and likelihood formulas of diffusion models assuming only knowledge of Gaussian distributions. A VAE analysis derives both forward and backward stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 David McAllester

Automatic differentiation (autodiff) has revolutionized machine learning. It allows to express complex computations by composing elementary ones in creative ways and removes the burden of computing their derivatives by hand. More recently,…

Derivatives of differential equation solutions are commonly for parameter estimation, fitting neural differential equations, and as model diagnostics. However, with a litany of choices and a Cartesian product of potential methods, it can be…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Yingbo Ma , Vaibhav Dixit , Mike Innes , Xingjian Guo , Christopher Rackauckas

We present a new software system PETSc TSAdjoint for first-order and second-order adjoint sensitivity analysis of time-dependent nonlinear differential equations. The derivative calculation in PETSc TSAdjoint is essentially a high-level…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Hong Zhang , Emil M. Constantinescu , Barry F. Smith

The HFBTHO code implements a nuclear energy density functional solver to model the structure of atomic nuclei. HFBTHO has previously been used to calibrate energy functionals and perform sensitivity analysis by using derivative-free…

We derive analytical shape derivative formulas of the system matrix representing electric field integral equation discretized with Raviart-Thomas basis functions. The arising integrals are easy to compute with similar methods as the entries…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Juhani Kataja , Jukka I. Toivanen

We decompose reverse-mode automatic differentiation into (forward-mode) linearization followed by transposition. Doing so isolates the essential difference between forward- and reverse-mode AD, and simplifies their joint implementation. In…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Roy Frostig , Matthew J. Johnson , Dougal Maclaurin , Adam Paszke , Alexey Radul

Discrete gradient methods are a class of numerical integrators producing solutions with exact preservation of first integrals of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we apply order theory combined with the symmetrized Itoh--Abe…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Håkon Noren Myhr , Sølve Eidnes

Advances in differentiable numerical integrators have enabled the use of gradient descent techniques to learn ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In the context of machine learning, differentiable solvers are central for Neural ODEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Weiming Zhi , Tin Lai , Lionel Ott , Edwin V. Bonilla , Fabio Ramos

We introduce DDE-Solver, a Maple package designed for solving Discrete Differential Equations (DDEs). These equations are functional equations relating algebraically a formal power series F(t, u) with polynomial coefficients in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Hadrien Notarantonio

It has been found that residual networks are an Euler discretization of solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). In this paper, we explore a deeper relationship between Transformer and numerical methods of ODEs. We show that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Bei Li , Quan Du , Tao Zhou , Shuhan Zhou , Xin Zeng , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

We derive a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) which is the limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This ODE exhibits approximate equivalence to Nesterov's scheme and thus can serve as a tool for analysis. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Weijie Su , Stephen Boyd , Emmanuel J. Candes

In this paper we present a new method for deriving It\^{o} stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs) from delayed chemical master equations (DCMEs). Considering alternative formulations of SDDEs that can be derived from the same DCME,…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-09 F. Fatehi , Y. N. Kyrychko , K. B. Blyuss

Operator overloading algorithmic differentiation (AD) tools are usually only developed for floating-point values. Algorithmic optimization for, e.g., linear systems solvers or matrix-matrix multiplications are often introduced via external…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

Model-agnostic meta-reinforcement learning requires estimating the Hessian matrix of value functions. This is challenging from an implementation perspective, as repeatedly differentiating policy gradient estimates may lead to biased Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Yunhao Tang , Tadashi Kozuno , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Michal Valko

In this paper we introduce DiffSharp, an automatic differentiation (AD) library designed with machine learning in mind. AD is a family of techniques that evaluate derivatives at machine precision with only a small constant factor of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Atilim Gunes Baydin , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Jeffrey Mark Siskind

Definite integrals with parameters of holonomic functions satisfy holonomic systems of linear partial differential equations. When we restrict parameters to a one dimensional curve, the system becomes a linear ordinary differential equation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Nobuki Takayama , Takaharu Yaguchi , Yi Zhang

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) is a set of techniques that provide partial derivatives of computer-implemented functions. Such a function can be supplied to state-of-the-art AD tools via its source code, or via an intermediate…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Max Aehle , Johannes Blühdorn , Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) represent continuous-time dynamics with neural networks, offering advancements for modeling and control tasks. However, training Neural ODEs requires solving differential equations at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mariia Shapovalova , Calvin Tsay

Differentiable programming is revolutionizing computational science by enabling automatic differentiation (AD) of numerical simulations. While first-order gradients are well-established, second-order derivatives (Hessians) for implicit…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tianju Xue
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