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The central engine in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is thought to be a compact object produced by the core collapse of massive stars, but its exact nature (black hole or millisecond magnetar) is still debatable. Although the central engine…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-24 M. Petropoulou , P. Beniamini , G. Vasilopoulos , D. Giannios , R. Barniol Duran

The TeV gamma-ray band is essential for probing the most extreme particle acceleration processes in the Universe. The recent detections of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at these energies offer an incredible opportunity to investigate the origins…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-03 L. Foffano , M. Tavani

The central engine of GRB170817A post-merger to GW170817 is probed by GW-calorimetry and event timing, applied to a post-merger descending chirp which can potentially break the degeneracy in spin-down of a neutron star or black hole remnant…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-11 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten , Massimo Della Valle

Millisecond magnetars, rapidly rotating neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields, have long been proposed as central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For GRBs produced by neutron star mergers, the survival of a long-lived magnetar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Run-Chao Chen , Jun Yang , Bin-Bin Zhang , Chen-Wei Wang , Wen-Jun Tan , Shao-Lin Xiong , Bing Zhang

Searching for gravitational waves from stellar-mass binary black holes with LISA remains a challenging open problem. Conventional template-bank approaches to the search are impossible due to the prohibitive number of templates that would be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-22 Diganta Bandopadhyay , Christopher J. Moore

Context. The prompt-emission time profiles of GRB 230307A and other long-duration compact object merger (COM) candidates exhibit a unique set of temporal properties, characterised by a deterministic evolution of waiting times and pulse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-17 R. Maccary , C. Guidorzi , L. Amati , M. Bulla , S. Kobayashi , M. Maistrello , A. Rossi , G. Stratta , A. Tsvetkova

Bayesian inference is the workhorse of gravitational-wave astronomy, for example, determining the mass and spins of merging black holes, revealing the neutron star equation of state, and unveiling the population properties of compact…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-04 Colm Talbot , Rory Smith , Eric Thrane , Gregory B. Poole

Gravitational-wave (GW) detectors can contribute to the measurement of cosmological parameters and to testing the dark-energy sector of alternatives to $\Lambda$CDM, by using standard sirens. In this paper we focus on binary neutron stars…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-21 Enis Belgacem , Yves Dirian , Stefano Foffa , Eric J. Howell , Michele Maggiore , Tania Regimbau

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the aftermath of compact binary mergers involving neutron stars. If the merger remnant is a millisecond magnetar instead of a black hole, a significant proportion of the rotational energy deposited to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-23 Ankur Ghosh , C. S. Vaishnava , L. Resmi , Kuntal Misra , K. G. Arun , Amitesh Omar , N. K. Chakradhari

The detection of the events GW150914 and GW151226, both consistent with the merger of a binary black hole system (BBH), opened the era of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. Besides BBHs, the most promising GW sources are the coalescences of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-07 Barbara Patricelli , Massimiliano Razzano , Giancarlo Cella , Francesco Fidecaro , Elena Pian , Marica Branchesi , Antonio Stamerra

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to occur in environments where the surrounding medium is either a uniform interstellar medium (ISM) or, in some cases, a dense stellar wind from a massive progenitor. Recently, GRB 191019A has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Xiao-Hong Zhao

The first simultaneous detection of a short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) with a gravitational-wave (GW) signal ushered in a new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In order to increase the number of SGRB-GW simultaneous detections, we need full sky…

We investigate joint low-latency gravitational wave (GW) detection and prompt electromagnetic (EM) follow-up observations of coalescing binary neutron stars (BNSs). Assuming that BNS mergers are associated with short duration gamma ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 E. J. Howell , Q. Chu , A. Rowlinson , H. Gao , B. Zhang , S. J. Tingay , M. Boer , L. Wen

Ultra-long gamma ray bursts (ULGRBs) are a distinct class of GRBs characterized by durations of several thousands of seconds, about two orders of magnitude longer than those of standard long GRBs (LGRBs). The driving engine of these events…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-06 Rosalba Perna , Davide Lazzati , Matteo Cantiello

At peak, long-duration gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known. Since their progenitors are massive stars, they provide a tracer of star formation and star-forming galaxies over the whole of cosmic…

Many inspiraling and merging stellar remnants emit both gravitational and electromagnetic radiation as they orbit or collide. These gravitational wave events together with their associated electromagnetic counterparts provide insight about…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Michael L. Katz , Olivia R. Cooper , Michael W. Coughlin , Kevin B. Burdge , Katelyn Breivik , Shane L. Larson

We present a timing study of the gamma and X-ray observations and analysis of a sample of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; i.e. GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A and GRB 220910A), including the very bright and long GRB 211211A (a.k.a.…

It is now generally accepted that long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are due to the collapse of massive rotating stars. The precise collapse process itself, however, is not yet fully understood. Strong winds, outbursts, and intense…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Robert A. Mesler , Daniel J. Whalen , Nicole M. Lloyd-Ronning , Chris L. Fryer , Ylva M. Pihlström

Early X-ray emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) traces the transition between the prompt emission and the afterglow radiation, and its rapid flux decline is often interpreted as the tail of the prompt emission. As such, it can offer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Annarita Ierardi , Gor Oganesyan , Stefano Ascenzi , Marica Branchesi , Biswajit Banerjee , Samuele Ronchini

The successful operation of dedicated detectors has brought us valuable information for understanding the central engine and the progenitor of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For instance, the giant X-ray and optical bumps found in some…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-13 Litao Zhao , He Gao , WeiHua Lei , Lin Lan , Liangduan Liu