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Two promising strategies for achieving efficient control of magnetization in future magnetic memory and non-volatile spin logic devices are spin transfer torque from spin polarized currents and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA).…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-06 Luqiao Liu , Chi-Feng Pai , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

In this work we demonstrate a spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic field sensor, designed as a Ta/CoFeB/MgO structure, with high sensitivity and capable of active offset compensation in all three spatial directions. This is described and…

We measured the spin-orbit torques (SOTs), current-induced switching, and domain wall (DW) motion in synthetic ferrimagnets consisting of Co/Tb layers with differing stacking order grown on a Pt underlayer. We find that the SOTs, magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-06 Mickey Martini , Can Onur Avci , Silvia Tacchi , Charles-Henri Lambert , Pietro Gambardella

Analog electronic non-volatile memories mimicking synaptic operations are being explored for the implementation of neuromorphic computing systems. Compound synapses consisting of ensembles of stochastic binary elements are alternatives to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Vaibhav Ostwal , Ramtin Zand , Ronald DeMara , Joerg Appenzeller

We use three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) designed for field-free switching by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) to systematically study the impact of dual voltage pulses on the switching performances. We show that the concurrent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Viola Krizakova , Eva Grimaldi , Kevin Garello , Giacomo Sala , Sebastien Couet , Gouri Sankar Kar , Pietro Gambardella

The lack of certain crystalline symmetries in strong spin-orbit-coupled non-magnetic materials allows for the existence of uncoventional spin Hall responses, with electrically generated transverse spin currents possessing collinear flow and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 D. J. P. de Sousa , P. M. Haney , J. P. Wang , Tony Low

Spintronics provides an efficient platform for realizing non-volatile memory and logic devices. In these systems, data is stored in the magnetization of magnetic materials, and magnetization is switched in the writing process. In…

Schemes of switching nanomagnetic memories via the effect of spin torque with various polarizations of injected electrons are studied. Simulations based on macrospin and micromagnetic theories are performed and compared. We demonstrate that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Dmitri E. Nikonov , George I. Bourianoff , Graham Rowlands , Ilya N. Krivorotov

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in spin-orbit torques (SOTs) for manipulating the magnetization in nonvolatile magnetic memory devices. SOTs rely on the spin-orbit coupling of a nonmagnetic material coupled to a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-19 Jan Hidding , Marcos H. D. Guimarães

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetisation switching in CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB trilayer with two CoFeB layers exhibiting in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IPMA) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is investigated. Interlayer exchange…

Current-induced spin torques are of great interest to manipulate the orientation of nanomagnets without applying external magnetic fields. They find direct application in non-volatile data storage and logic devices, and provide insight into…

The use of electric fields applied across magnetic heterojunctions that lack spatial inversion symmetry has been previously proposed as a non-magnetic mean of controlling localized magnetic moments through spin-orbit torques (SOT). The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 María Camarasa-Gómez , Daniel Hernangómez-Pérez , Ferdinand Evers

Spin Hall effect (SHE) and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) are two promising methods for low-power electrical manipulation of magnetization. Recently, magnetic field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through SHE…

Electric-field control of magnetization dynamics is fundamentally and technologically important for future spintronic devices. Here, based on electric-field control of both magnetic anisotropy and spin--orbit torque, two distinct methods…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-09-15 Takahiro Chiba , Takashi Komine

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) has been extensively studied as a key mechanism in spintronics applications. However, conventional SOT materials limit the spin polarization direction to the in-plane orientation, which is suboptimal for efficient…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Yifei Yang , Jian-Ping Wang

We investigated the magnetization reversal of a perpendicularly magnetized nanodevice using a chirped current pulse (CCP) via spin-orbit torques (SOT). Our findings demonstrate that both the field-like (FL) and damping-like (DL) components…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Y. D. Liu , M. T. Islam , T. Min , X. S. Wang , X. R. Wang

The spin-orbit torque device is promising as a candidate for next generation magnetic memory, while the static in-plane field needed to induce deterministic switching is a main obstacle for its application in highly integrated circuits.…

Increasing dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) is both of fundamental importance for enabling new research into spintronics phenomena and also technologically urgent for advancing low-power spin-torque memory, logic, and oscillator devices.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Lijun Zhu , Lujun Zhu , Shengjie Shi , Manling Sui , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Neuromorphic computing, which seeks to replicate the brain's ability to process information, has garnered significant attention due to its potential to achieve brain-like computing efficiency and human cognitive intelligence. Spin-orbit…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Cuimei Cao , Wei Duan , Xiaoyu Feng , Yan Xu , Yihan Wang , Zhenzhong Yang , Qingfeng Zhan , Long You

This paper introduces the concept of spin-orbit-torque-MRAM (SOT-MRAM) based physical unclonable function (PUF). The secret of the PUF is stored into a random state of a matrix of perpendicular SOT-MRAMs. Here, we show experimentally and…