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We present a scenario in $1 + 1$ and $3 + 1$ dimensional space time which is paradoxical in the presence of a time machine. We show that the paradox cannot be resolved and the scenario has {\em no} consistent classical solution. Since the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 S. Kalyana Rama , Siddhartha Sen

Various topics concerning the entanglement of composite quantum systems are considered with particular emphasis concerning the strict relations of such a problem with the one of attributing objective properties to the constituents. Most of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giancarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto , Tullio Weber

The ubiquitous nature of modern Information Retrieval and Virtual World give rise to new realities. To what extent are these "realities" real? Which "physics" should be applied to quantitatively describe them? In this essay I dwell on few…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Roman Zapatrin

The way we view the reality of nature, including ourselves, depend on consciousness.It also defines the identity of the person, since we know people in terms of their experiences. In general, consciousness defines human existence in this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-24 Charles Johnstone , Prashant S. Alegaonkar

Metaphysics is the science of being and asks the question ``What really exists?'' The answer to this question has been sought for by mankind since the beginning of recorded time. In the past 2500 years there have been many answers to this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 B. M. McCoy

To better understand the deep significance of our best physical theories it could be interesting to compare our Universe with its models. It may happen that the differences between the model and reality can be made indistinguishable, to the…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Giorgio Fontana

Quantum theory describes our universe incredibly successfully. To our classically-inclined brains, however, it is a bizarre description that requires a re-imagining of what fundamental reality, or "ontology", could look like. This thesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 John-Mark A. Allen

Perhaps the quantum state represents information about reality, and not reality directly. Wave function collapse is then possibly no more mysterious than a Bayesian update of a probability distribution given new data. We consider models for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-20 Peter G. Lewis , David Jennings , Jonathan Barrett , Terry Rudolph

We formally prove the existence of an enduring incongruence pervading a widespread interpretation of the Bell inequality and explain how to rationally avoid it with a natural assumption justified by explicit reference to a mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-30 Justo Pastor Lambare

Counterfactuals in quantum theory are briefly reviewed and it is argued that they are very different from counterfactuals considered in the general philosophical literature. The issue of time symmetry of quantum counterfactuals is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Vaidman

Claims of exceptions to the second law of thermodynamics are generally met with extreme skepticism that is quite reasonable given the great confidence placed in the second law. But what specifically is the basis for that confidence? The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Todd L. Duncan

The Weltanschauung emerging from quantum theory clashes profoundly with our classical concepts. Quantum characteristics like superposition, entanglement, wave-particle duality, nonlocality, contextuality are difficult to reconcile with our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Radu Ionicioiu

In contemporary physics space and time are intertwined entities so that kinematical and dynamical quantities are expressed in the four-dimensional space-time. This formulation seems to contradict our every-day experience and perception…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Orfeu Bertolami

Quantified constraints over the reals appear in numerous contexts. Usually existential quantification occurs when some parameter can be chosen by the user of a system, and univeral quantification when the exact value of a parameter is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Stefan Ratschan

We address the question whether there is a fundamental reason why quantum information is more fragile than classical information. We show that some answers can be found by considering the existence of quantum memories and their dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-21 Barbara M. Terhal

There has been a recent spate of essays defending presentism, the view in the metaphysics of time according to which all and only present events or entities exist. What is particularly striking about this resurgence is that it takes place…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-05-23 Christian Wuthrich

It is hypothesised, following Conrad et al. (1988) (http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/papers/urbino.html) that quantum physics is not the ultimate theory of nature, but merely a theoretical account of the phenomena manifested in nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-04 Brian D. Josephson

We discuss some physical consequences of what might be called ``the ultimate ensemble theory'', where not only worlds corresponding to say different sets of initial data or different physical constants are considered equally real, but also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-11 Max Tegmark

It has been suggested, on the one hand, that quantum states are just states of knowledge; and, on the other, that quantum theory is merely a theory of correlations. These suggestions are confronted with problems about the nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthew J. Donald

Processes undergoing quantum mechanics, exhibit quantum interference effects. In this case quantum probabilities result to be different from classical probabilities because they contain an additional main point that in fact is called the…