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Interacting many-body quantum systems show a rich array of physical phenomena and dynamical properties, but are notoriously difficult to study: they are challenging analytically and exponentially difficult to simulate on classical…

Information scrambling, the process by which quantum information spreads and becomes effectively inaccessible, is central to modern quantum statistical physics and quantum chaos. These lecture notes provide an introduction to information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Marcin Płodzień

We show that the most important measures of quantum chaos like frame potentials, scrambling, Loschmidt echo, and out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) can be described by the unified framework of the isospectral twirling, namely the Haar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Lorenzo Leone , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Alioscia Hamma

Scrambling and thermalisation are topics of intense study in both condensed matter and high energy physics. Random unitary dynamics form a simple testing-ground for our theoretical understanding of these processes. In this work, we derive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Ewan McCulloch

Out-of-Time Ordered Correlators (OTOCs) are widely used to investigate information scrambling in quantum systems. However, directly computing OTOCs with classical computers is an expensive procedure. This is due to the need to classically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 John Tanner , Jason Pye , Jingbo Wang

Operator spreading, often characterized by out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), is one of the central concepts in quantum many-body physics. However, measuring OTOCs is experimentally challenging due to the requirement of reversing the…

The out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has emerged as a central tool for quantifying decoherence across wide-ranging physical platforms. Here we demonstrate its direct measurement in a classical ensemble using nuclear magnetic resonance…

In this work, we develop a quantum metrological framework for quantum chaos by showing that local subsystems of information scrambling systems naturally function as quantum stopwatches. The reduced quantum state of a subsystem encodes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Devjyoti Tripathy , Federico Centrone , Sebastian Deffner

The spreading of quantum information in closed systems, often termed scrambling, is a hallmark of many-body quantum dynamics. In open systems, scrambling competes with noise, errors and decoherence. Here, we provide a universal framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Thomas Schuster , Norman Y. Yao

In closed generic many-body systems, unitary evolution disperses local quantum information into highly non-local objects, resulting in thermalization. Such a process is called information scrambling, whose swiftness is quantified by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Pengfei Zhang , Zhenhua Yu

The fine grained energy spectrum of quantum chaotic systems is widely believed to be described by random matrix statistics. A basic scale in such a system is the energy range over which this behavior persists. We define the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-11 Hrant Gharibyan , Masanori Hanada , Stephen H. Shenker , Masaki Tezuka

The complexity of representation of operators in quantum mechanics can be characterized by the operator space entanglement entropy (OSEE). We show that in the homogeneous Heisenberg XY spin 1/2 chains the OSEE for initial local operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-05 Iztok Pizorn , Tomaz Prosen

The out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) and the Loschmidt echo are two measures that are now widely being explored to characterize sensitivity to perturbations and information scrambling in complex quantum systems. Studying few qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Sreeram PG , Vaibhav Madhok , Arul Lakshminarayan

In the study of quantum chaos, `out of time ordered correlators' (OTOCs) are commonly used to quantify the rate at which quantum information is scrambled. This rate has been conjectured by Maldecena et al. to obey a universal, temperature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Andrew C. Hunt

We study signatures of chaos in the quantum Lifshitz model through out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOC) of current operators. This model is a free scalar field theory with dynamical critical exponent $z=2$. It describes the quantum phase…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-04 Eugeniu Plamadeala , Eduardo Fradkin

The out-of-time order correlator (OTOC) has been widely studied in closed quantum systems. However, there are very few studies for open systems and they are mainly focused on isolating the effects of scrambling from those of decoherence.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Pablo D. Bergamasco , Gabriel G. Carlo , Alejandro M. F. Rivas

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) are of crucial importance for studying a wide variety of fundamental phenomena in quantum physics, ranging from information scrambling to quantum chaos and many-body localization. However, apart from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Yukai Wu , L. -M. Duan , Dong-Ling Deng

The time-dependence of multi-point observable correlation functions are essential quantities in analysis and simulation of quantum dynamics. Open quantum systems approaches utilize two-point correlations to describe the influence of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Yoana R. Chorbadzhiyska , Peter A. Ivanov , Charlie Nation

We investigate the relationship between Krylov complexity and operator quantum speed limits (OQSLs) of the complexity operator and level repulsion in random/integrable matrices and many-body systems. An enhanced level-repulsion corresponds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ankit Gill , Tapobrata Sarkar

The underlying physical concept of computing out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) is a significant new tool within the framework of quantum field theory, which now-a-days is treated as a measure of random fluctuations. In this paper, by…

General Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Sayantan Choudhury