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We study the dynamics of dephasing in a quantum two-level system by modeling both 1/f and high-frequency noise by random telegraph processes. Our approach is based on a so-called spin-fluctuator model in which a noisy environment is modeled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Alexander I. Nesterov , Gennady P. Berman

In practice, observations are often contaminated by noise, making the resulting sample covariance matrix a signal-plus-noise sample covariance matrix. Aiming to make inferences about the spectral distribution of the population covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Ningning Xia , Xinghua Zheng

Linear statistics of eigenvalues in many familiar classes of random matrices are known to obey gaussian central limit theorems. The proofs of such results are usually rather difficult, involving hard computations specific to the model in…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-11-25 Sourav Chatterjee

The effect of external fluctuations on the formation of spatial patterns is analysed by means of a stochastic Swift-Hohenberg model with multiplicative space-correlated noise. Numerical simulations in two dimensions show a shift of the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 J. Garcia-Ojalvo , J. M. Sancho

Low-rank pseudoinverses are widely used to approximate matrix inverses in scalable machine learning, optimization, and scientific computing. However, real-world matrices are often observed with noise, arising from sampling, sketching, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Phuc Tran , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Spectral estimators are fundamental in lowrank matrix models and arise throughout machine learning and statistics, with applications including network analysis, matrix completion and PCA. These estimators aim to recover the leading…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Hao Yan , Keith Levin

Invariance-based randomization tests -- such as permutation tests, rotation tests, or sign changes -- are an important and widely used class of statistical methods. They allow drawing inferences under weak assumptions on the data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Edgar Dobriban

In practice, observations are often contaminated by noise, making the resulting sample covariance matrix to be an information-plus-noise-type covariance matrix. Aiming to make inferences about the spectra of the underlying true covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-25 Ningning Xia , Xinghua Zheng

We prove large deviations principles for spectral measures of perturbed (or spiked) matrix models in the direction of an eigenvector of the perturbation. In each model under study, we provide two approaches, one of which relying on large…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-24 Nathan Noiry , Alain Rouault

We theoretically explore the role of mesoscopic fluctuations and noise on the spectral and temporal properties of systems of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric coupled gain-loss resonators operating near the exceptional point, where eigenvalues and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-18 N. Asger Mortensen , P. A. D. Gonçalves , Mercedeh Khajavikhan , Demetrios N. Christodoulides , C. Tserkezis , C. Wolff

The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of nonnormal matrices can be unstable under perturbations of their entries. This renders an obstacle to the analysis of numerical algorithms for non-Hermitian eigenvalue problems. A recent technique to…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Rikhav Shah , Nikhil Srivastava , Edward Zeng

This article provides a central limit theorem for a consistent estimator of population eigenvalues with large multiplicities based on sample covariance matrices. The focus is on limited sample size situations, whereby the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-08-31 Jianfeng Yao , Romain Couillet , Jamal Najim , Merouane Debbah

Consider large signal-plus-noise data matrices of the form $S + \Sigma^{1/2} X$, where $S$ is a low-rank deterministic signal matrix and the noise covariance matrix $\Sigma$ can be anisotropic. We establish the asymptotic joint distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Zeqin Lin , Guangming Pan , Peng Zhao , Jia Zhou

From the sampling of data to the initialisation of parameters, randomness is ubiquitous in modern Machine Learning practice. Understanding the statistical fluctuations engendered by the different sources of randomness in prediction is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-03 Bruno Loureiro , Cédric Gerbelot , Maria Refinetti , Gabriele Sicuro , Florent Krzakala

Standard methods for determining the number of factors often overestimate the true number when data exhibit heavy-tailed randomness, misinterpreting noise-induced outliers as genuine factors. This paper addresses this challenge within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-04 Jiang Hu , Jiahui Xie , Yangchun Zhang , Wang Zhou

We consider the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of small rank perturbations of random $N\times N$ matrices. We allow the rank of perturbation $M$ increases with $N$, and the only assumption is $M=o(N)$. In both additive and multiplicative…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Jiaoyang Huang

We study the statistical decision process of detecting the low-rank signal from various signal-plus-noise type data matrices, known as the spiked random matrix models. We first show that the principal component analysis can be improved by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Ji Hyung Jung , Hye Won Chung , Ji Oon Lee

Matrix perturbation bounds (such as Weyl and Davis-Kahan) are used abundantly in many areas of mathematics and data science. Many bounds (such as the above two) involve the spectral norm of the noise matrix and are sharp in worst case…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Phuc Tran , Van Vu

Let A and E be Hermitian self-adjoint matrices, where A is fixed and E a small perturbation. We study how the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A+E depend on E, with the aim of obtaining first order formulas (and when possible also second…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-08-26 Marcus Carlsson

Computing the first few singular vectors of a large matrix is a problem that frequently comes up in statistics and numerical analysis. Given the presence of noise, exact calculation is hard to achieve, and the following problem is of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-04-13 Van Vu