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We introduce compositional tensor trains (CTTs) for the approximation of multivariate functions, a class of models obtained by composing low-rank functions in the tensor-train format. This format can encode standard approximation tools,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Martin Eigel , Charles Miranda , Anthony Nouy , David Sommer

Tensor networks are a compressed format for multi-dimensional data. One-dimensional tensor networks -- often referred to as tensor trains (TT) or matrix product states (MPS) -- are increasingly being used as a numerical ansatz for continuum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Joseph Tindall , E. Miles Stoudenmire , Ryan Levy

Tensor train (TT) decomposition provides a space-efficient representation for higher-order tensors. Despite its advantage, we face two crucial limitations when we apply the TT decomposition to machine learning problems: the lack of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-03 Masaaki Imaizumi , Takanori Maehara , Kohei Hayashi

We present two new algorithms for approximating and updating the hierarchical Tucker decomposition of tensor streams. The first algorithm, Batch Hierarchical Tucker - leaf to root (BHT-l2r), proposes an alternative and more efficient way of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Doruk Aksoy , Alex A. Gorodetsky

Tensor networks are used to efficiently approximate states of strongly-correlated quantum many-body systems. More generally, tensor network approximations may allow to reduce the costs for operating on an order-$N$ tensor from exponential…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-05-31 Hao Chen , Thomas Barthel

This paper studies the low-rank property of the inverse of a class of large-scale structured matrices in the tensor-train (TT) format, which is typically discretized from differential operators. An interesting question that we are concerned…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Chuanfu Xiao , Kejun Tang , Zhitao Zhu

We investigate the disordered spin-$\frac12$Heisenberg model in two dimensions and employ tree tensor networks (TTNs) with a physics-informed structural optimization of the tree layout, to simulate dynamics in the many-body localization…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-23 Lars Humpert , Dante M. Kennes , Jan-Niklas Herre

By a tensor we mean an element of a tensor product of vector spaces over a field. Up to a choice of bases in factors of tensor products, every tensor may be coordinatized, that is, represented as an array consisting of numbers. This note is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-11 R. N. Gumerov , A. S. Sharafutdinov

Tensor network methods provide a scalable solution to represent high-dimensional data. However, their efficacy is often limited by static, expert-defined structures that fail to adapt to evolving data correlations. We address this…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zheng Guo , Aditya Deshpande , Xinyu Wang , Brian C. Kiedrowski , Alex A. Gorodetsky

Hessian captures important properties of the deep neural network loss landscape. Previous works have observed low rank structure in the Hessians of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a decoupling conjecture that decomposes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yikai Wu , Xingyu Zhu , Chenwei Wu , Annie Wang , Rong Ge

A binary tensor consists of $2^n$ entries arranged into hypercube format $2 \times 2 \times \cdots \times 2$. There are $n$ ways to flatten such a tensor into a matrix of size $2 \times 2^{n-1}$. For each flattening, $M$, we take the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-15 Anna Seigal

Tree-child networks are a recently-described class of directed acyclic graphs that have risen to prominence in phylogenetics (the study of evolutionary trees and networks). Although these networks have a number of attractive mathematical…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-01-10 François Bienvenu , Amaury Lambert , Mike Steel

We proposed the tensor-input tree (TT) method for scalar-on-tensor and tensor-on-tensor regression problems. We first address scalar-on-tensor problem by proposing scalar-output regression tree models whose input variable are tensors (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hengrui Luo , Akira Horiguchi , Li Ma

Obtaining superlinear lower bounds on tensor rank is a major open problem in complexity theory. In this paper we propose a generalization of the approach used by Strassen in the proof of his 3n/2 border rank lower bound. Our approach…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Pascal Koiran

Attempts of studying implicit regularization associated to gradient descent (GD) have identified matrix completion as a suitable test-bed. Late findings suggest that this phenomenon cannot be phrased as a minimization-norm problem, implying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Paolo Milanesi , Hachem Kadri , Stéphane Ayache , Thierry Artières

Matrix product states (MPS), a tensor network designed for one-dimensional quantum systems, has been recently proposed for generative modeling of natural data (such as images) in terms of `Born machine'. However, the exponential decay of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-13 Song Cheng , Lei Wang , Tao Xiang , Pan Zhang

We present a unification and generalization of what is known in the literature as sequentially and hierarchically semi-separable (SSS and HSS) representations for matrices. Describing rank-structured representations of (inverses of) sparse…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-12 Nithin Govindarajan , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , Patrick Dewilde

The tensor train (TT) rank has received increasing attention in tensor completion due to its ability to capture the global correlation of high-order tensors ($\textrm{order} >3$). For third order visual data, direct TT rank minimization has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Meng Ding , Ting-Zhu Huang , Xi-Le Zhao , Michael K. Ng , Tian-Hui Ma

Tensor network contraction is a powerful computational tool in quantum many-body physics, quantum information and quantum chemistry. The complexity of contracting a tensor network is thought to mainly depend on its entanglement properties,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Jiaqing Jiang , Jielun Chen , Norbert Schuch , Dominik Hangleiter

We describe a simple, black-box compression format for tensors with a multiscale structure. By representing the tensor as a sum of compressed tensors defined on increasingly coarse grids, we capture low-rank structures on each grid-scale,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Oscar Mickelin , Sertac Karaman