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We demonstrate attacks on the boot ROMs of the Nintendo 3DS in order to exfiltrate secret information from normally protected areas of memory and gain persistent early code execution on devices which have not previously been compromised.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Michael Scire , Melissa Mears , Devon Maloney , Matthew Norman , Shaun Tux , Phoebe Monroe

We explain, step by step, how we strategically circumvented the Nintendo Switch's system security, from basic userland code execution, to undermining and exposing the secrets of the security co-processor. To this end, we've identified and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-10 Gauvain Tanguy Henri Gabriel Isidore Roussel-Tarbouriech , Noel Menard , Tyler True , Tini Vi , Reisyukaku

Microarchitectural side channel attacks have been very prominent in security research over the last few years. Caches have been an outstanding covert channel, as they provide high resolution and generic cross-core leakage even with simple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Samira Briongos , Ida Bruhns , Pedro Malagón , Thomas Eisenbarth , José M. Moya

The implementation of cryptographic primitives in integrated circuits (ICs) continues to increase over the years due to the recent advancement of semiconductor manufacturing and reduction of cost per transistors. The hardware implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Ayush Jain , Ujjwal Guin

In this paper, we propose a model protection method by using block-wise pixel shuffling with a secret key as a preprocessing technique to input images for the first time. The protected model is built by training with such preprocessed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-07 MaungMaung AprilPyone , Hitoshi Kiya

In this study, we analyze model inversion attacks with only two assumptions: feature vectors of user data are known, and a black-box API for inference is provided. On the one hand, limitations of existing studies are addressed by opting for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Xingyang Ni , Heikki Huttunen , Esa Rahtu

Cold boot attacks inspect the corrupted random access memory soon after the power has been shut down. While most of the bits have been corrupted, many bits, at random locations, have not. Since the keys in many encryption schemes are being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Itamar Zimerman , Eliya Nachmani , Lior Wolf

Mitigating memory-access attacks on the Intel SGX architecture is an important and open research problem. A natural notion of the mitigation is cache-miss obliviousness which requires the cache-misses emitted during an enclave execution are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Ju Chen , Yuzhe Tang , Hao Zhou

According to recent studies, the vulnerability of state-of-the-art Neural Networks to adversarial input samples has increased drastically. A neural network is an intermediate path or technique by which a computer learns to perform tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Anirudh Yadav , Ashutosh Upadhyay , S. Sharanya

The run-time electromagnetic (EM) emanation of microprocessors presents a side-channel that leaks the confidentiality of the applications running on them. Many recent works have demonstrated successful attacks leveraging such side-channels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nuntipat Narkthong , Yukui Luo , Xiaolin Xu

Recently, a new type of attack, which exploits the efficiency mismatch of two single photon detectors (SPD) in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system, has been proposed. In this paper, we propose another "time-shift" attack that exploits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bing Qi , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric key encryption algorithm which is extensively used in secure electronic data transmission. When introduced, although it was tested and declared as secure, in 2005, a researcher named…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-07 U. Herath , J. Alawatugoda , R. G. Ragel

Besides cryptographic secrets, side-channel attacks also leak sensitive user input. The most accurate attacks exploit cache timings or interrupt information to monitor keystroke timings and subsequently infer typed words and sentences.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Michael Schwarz , Moritz Lipp , Daniel Gruss , Samuel Weiser , Clémentine Maurice , Raphael Spreitzer , Stefan Mangard

Cache timing attack is a type of side channel attack where the leaking timing information due to the cache behaviour of a crypto system is used by an attacker to break the system. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was considered a secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Janaka Alawatugoda , Darshana Jayasinghe , Roshan Ragel

CRYSTALS-Kyber has been standardized as the only key-encapsulation mechanism (KEM) scheme by NIST to withstand attacks by large-scale quantum computers. However, the side-channel attacks (SCAs) on its implementation are still needed to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dejun Xu , Kai Wang , Jing Tian

Implementation security, higher generation rate, and lower cost are primary missions in the domain of quantum key distributions in recent years. However, simultaneously achieving robust security, high speed, and low cost often resembles an…

Rijndael algorithm was unanimously chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) by the panel of researchers at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in October 2000. Since then, Rijndael was destined to be used massively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-09-04 Jalpa Bani , Syed S. Rizvi

To address the risks of increasingly capable AI systems, we introduce a hardware-level off-switch that embeds thousands of independent "security blocks" in each AI accelerator. This massively redundant architecture is designed to prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 James Petrie

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to deep neural networks (DNNs), allowing adversaries to implant triggers for hidden behaviors in inference. Defending against such vulnerabilities is especially difficult in the post-training setting,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weijun Li , Ansh Arora , Xuanli He , Mark Dras , Qiongkai Xu

Establishing an information-theoretic secret key between two parties using a quantum key distribution (QKD) system is only possible when an accurate characterization of the quantum channel and proper device calibration routines are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Paul Jouguet , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Eleni Diamanti
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