Related papers: Noise-induced Stop-and-Go Dynamics
Stop-and-go waves are commonly observed in traffic and pedestrian flows. In most traffic models they occur through a phase transition after fine tuning of parameters when the model has unstable homogeneous solutions. Inertia effects are…
This contribution investigates an original stochastic approach for the emergence of stop-and-go waves in traffic flow, a collective phenomenon with significant safety and environmental implications. Using a stable nonlinear car-following…
Stop-and-go waves in vehicular traffic are commonly explained as a linear collective instability induced by e.g. response delays. We explore an alternative mechanism that more faithfully mirrors oscillation formation in dense single-file…
Several spatially continuous pedestrian dynamics models have been validated against empirical data. We try to reproduce the experimental fundamental diagram (velocity versus density) with simulations. In addition to this quantitative…
Waves and oscillations are commonly observed in the dynamics of self-driven agents such as pedestrians or vehicles. Interestingly, many factors may perturb the stability of space homogeneous streaming, leading to the spontaneous formation…
Stop-and-go waves in single-file movement are a phenomenon that is ob- served empirically in pedestrian dynamics. It manifests itself by the co-existence of two phases: moving and stopping pedestrians. We show analytically based on a…
The main topic of this paper is the analysis and modeling of stop-and-go waves, observable in experiments of single lane movement with pedestrians. The velocity density relation using measurements on a 'microscopic' scale shows the…
Based on simulations with the ``intelligent driver model'', a microscopic traffic model, we explain the recently discovered transition from free over ``synchronized'' traffic to stop-and-go patterns [B. S. Kerner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3797…
Classical second order models of pedestrian dynamics, like the social-force model, suffer from various unrealistic behaviors in the dynamics, e.g. backward motion, oscillations and overlapping of pedestrians. These effects are not related…
Traffic flow oscillations, including traffic waves, are a common yet incompletely understood feature of congested traffic. Possible mechanisms include traffic flow instabilities, indifference regions or finite human perception thresholds…
Force-based models describe pedestrian dynamics in analogy to classical mechanics by a system of second order ordinary differential equations. By investigating the linear stability of two main classes of forces, parameter regions with…
Traffic waves can rise even from single lane car-following behaviour. To better understand and mitigate traffic waves, it is necessary to use analytical tools like mathematical models, data analysis, and micro-simulations that can capture…
Traffic waves, known also as stop-and-go waves or phantom hams, appear naturally as traffic instabilities, also in confined environments as a ring-road. A multi-population traffic is studied on a ring-road, comprised of drivers with stable…
A method is developed to estimate the properties of a global hydrodynamic instability in turbulent flows from measurement data of the limit-cycle oscillations. For this purpose, the flow dynamics are separated in deterministic contributions…
We show that keeping a constant lower limit on the net-time headway is the key mechanism behind the dynamics of pedestrian streams. There is a large variety in flow and speed as functions of density for empirical data of pedestrian streams,…
In this paper we present a general framework in which one can rigorously study the effect of spatio-temporal noise on traveling waves, stationary patterns and oscillations that are invariant under the action of a finite-dimensional set of…
Traffic waves are phenomena that emerge when the vehicular density exceeds a critical threshold. Considering the presence of increasingly automated vehicles in the traffic stream, a number of research activities have focused on the…
This paper investigates the mathematical modeling and the stability of multi-lane traffic in the microscopic scale, studying a model based on two interaction terms. To do this we propose simple lane changing conditions and we study the…
We consider a discrete-time dynamical system in a car-following context. The system was recently introduced to parsimoniously model human driving behavior based on utility maximization. The parameters of the model were calibrated using…
We investigate a stochastic model hierarchy for pedestrian flow. Starting from a microscopic social force model, where the pedestrians switch randomly between the two states stop-or-go, we derive an associated macroscopic model of…