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Sharing correlated random variables is a resource for a number of information theoretic tasks such as privacy amplification, simultaneous message passing, secret sharing and many more. In this article, we show that to establish such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-03 Tamal Guha , Mir Alimuddin , Sumit Rout , Amit Mukherjee , Some Sankar Bhattacharya , Manik Banik

This paper proves that the computational power of quantum interactive proof systems, with a double-exponentially small gap in acceptance probability between the completeness and soundness cases, is precisely characterized by EXP, the class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-07 Tsuyoshi Ito , Hirotada Kobayashi , John Watrous

Ring signatures are a powerful primitive that allows a member to sign on behalf of a group, without revealing their identity. Recently, ring signatures have received additional attention as an ingredient for post-quantum deniable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Marvin Beckmann , Christian Majenz

In the standard oracle model, an oracle efficiently evaluates an unknown classical function independent of the quantum algorithm itself. Quantum algorithms have a complex interrelationship to their oracles; for example the possibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Cica Gustiani , David P. DiVincenzo

We investigate the rate of operation of quantum "black boxes" ("oracles") and point out the possibility of performing an operation by a quantum "oracle" whose average energy equals zero. This counterintuitive result not only presents a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Dugic , M. M. Cirkovic

In this work, we consider the long-standing open question of constructing constant-round concurrent zero-knowledge protocols in the plain model. Resolving this question is known to require non-black-box techniques. We consider non-black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-10-16 Divya Gupta , Amit Sahai

Complexity class containments involving interactive proof classes are famously nonrelativizing: although $\mathsf{IP} = \mathsf{PSPACE}$, Fortnow and Sipser showed that that there exists an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{coNP}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Scott Aaronson , Anand Natarajan , Avishay Tal , Agi Villanyi

In his seminal work on recording quantum queries [Crypto 2019], Zhandry studied interactions between quantum query algorithms and the quantum oracle corresponding to random functions. Zhandry presented a framework for interpreting various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Ansis Rosmanis

The existence of pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs) -- efficient quantum circuits that are computationally indistinguishable from Haar-random unitaries -- has been a central open question, with significant implications for cryptography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Fermi Ma , Hsin-Yuan Huang

In a proof of knowledge (PoK), a verifier becomes convinced that a prover possesses privileged information. In combination with zero-knowledge proof systems, PoKs play an important role in security protocols such as in digital signatures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Anne Broadbent , Alex B. Grilo , Nagisa Hara , Arthur Mehta

We use the powerful tools of counting complexity and generic oracles to help understand the limitations of the complexity of quantum computation. We show several results for the probabilistic quantum class BQP. 1. BQP is low for PP, i.e.,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Lance Fortnow , John D. Rogers

In this paper, we show that the zero-knowledge construction for Hamiltonian cycle remains secure against quantum adversaries in the relativistic setting. Our main technical contribution is a tool for studying the action of consecutive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 André Chailloux , Anthony Leverrier

A new interactive quantum zero-knowledge protocol for identity authentication implementable in currently available quantum cryptographic devices is proposed and demonstrated. The protocol design involves a verifier and a prover knowing a…

This work investigates the oracle separation between the physically motivated complexity class of noisy quantum circuits, inspired by definitions such as those presented by Chen, Cotler, Huang, and Li (2022). We establish that with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Nai-Hui Chia , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Shih-Han Hung , En-Jui Kuo

We study the quantum-classical polynomial hierarchy, QCPH, which is the class of languages solvable by a constant number of alternating classical quantifiers followed by a quantum verifier. Our main result is that QCPH is infinite relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Avantika Agarwal , Shalev Ben-David

We provide a generic construction to turn any classical Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocol into a composable (quantum) oblivious transfer (OT) protocol, mostly lifting the round-complexity properties and security guarantees…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Léo Colisson , Garazi Muguruza , Florian Speelman

We investigate the connection between interference and computational power within the operationally defined framework of generalised probabilistic theories. To compare the computational abilities of different theories within this framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-30 Howard Barnum , Ciarán M. Lee , John H. Selby

Let L be a language decided by a constant-round quantum Arthur-Merlin (QAM) protocol with negligible soundness error and all but possibly the last message being classical. We prove that if this protocol is zero knowledge with a black-box,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-19 Rahul Jain , Alexandra Kolla , Gatis Midrijanis , Ben W. Reichardt

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are widely applied in digital economies, such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, for establishing trust and ensuring privacy between untrusted parties. However, almost all ZKPs rely on unproven…

Quantum query complexity studies the number of queries needed to learn some property of a black box. A closely related question is how well an algorithm can succeed with this learning task using only a fixed number of queries. In this work,…