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We develop a method for generating causal post-hoc explanations of black-box classifiers based on a learned low-dimensional representation of the data. The explanation is causal in the sense that changing learned latent factors produces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Matthew O'Shaughnessy , Gregory Canal , Marissa Connor , Mark Davenport , Christopher Rozell

In machine learning algorithm design, there exists a trade-off between the interpretability and performance of the algorithm. In general, algorithms which are simpler and easier for humans to comprehend tend to show worse performance than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Eric M. Vernon , Naoki Masuyama , Yusuke Nojima

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more…

Deep learning models trained using massive amounts of data tend to capture one view of the data and its associated mapping. Different deep learning models built on the same training data may capture different views of the data based on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Rupam Patir , Shubham Singhal , C. Anantaram , Vikram Goyal

Predicting default is essential for banks to ensure profitability and financial stability. While modern machine learning methods often outperform traditional regression techniques, their lack of transparency limits their use in regulated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sagi Schwartz , Qinling Wang , Fang Fang

This paper introduces a novel task to assess the faithfulness of large language models (LLMs) using local perturbations and self-explanations. Many LLMs often require additional context to answer certain questions correctly. For this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Christos Fragkathoulas , Odysseas S. Chlapanis

The use of sophisticated machine learning models for critical decision making is faced with a challenge that these models are often applied as a "black-box". This has led to an increased interest in interpretable machine learning, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Catarina Moreira , Yu-Liang Chou , Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Renuka Sindhgatta , Peter Bruza

Researchers in explainable artificial intelligence have developed numerous methods for helping users understand the predictions of complex supervised learning models. By contrast, explaining the $\textit{uncertainty}$ of model outputs has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 David S. Watson , Joshua O'Hara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy

Artificial intelligence explanations can make complex predictive models more comprehensible. To be effective, however, they should anticipate and mitigate possible misinterpretations, e.g., arising when users infer incorrect information…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yueqing Xuan , Kacper Sokol , Mark Sanderson , Jeffrey Chan

Explainability of black-box machine learning models is crucial, in particular when deployed in critical applications such as medicine or autonomous cars. Existing approaches produce explanations for the predictions of models, however, how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Jonas Schulz , Rafael Poyiadzi , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

Explainable AI is an evolving area that deals with understanding the decision making of machine learning models so that these models are more transparent, accountable, and understandable for humans. In particular, post-hoc model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Praharsh Nanavati , Ranjitha Prasad

In this paper we introduce and evaluate a distal explanation model for model-free reinforcement learning agents that can generate explanations for `why' and `why not' questions. Our starting point is the observation that causal models can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Prashan Madumal , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg , Frank Vetere

The significant advances in autonomous systems together with an immensely wider application domain have increased the need for trustable intelligent systems. Explainable artificial intelligence is gaining considerable attention among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Sule Anjomshoae , Kary Främling , Amro Najjar

The rise of AI methods to make predictions and decisions has led to a pressing need for more explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. One common approach for XAI is to produce a post-hoc explanation, explaining why a black box ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Jinqiang Yu , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey , Nina Narodytska , Joao Marques-Silva

Machine learning has proved to be very successful for making predictions in travel behavior modeling. However, most machine-learning models have complex model structures and offer little or no explanation as to how they arrive at these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-31 Xilei Zhao , Zhengze Zhou , Xiang Yan , Pascal Van Hentenryck

In Explainable AI, rule extraction translates model knowledge into logical rules, such as IF-THEN statements, crucial for understanding patterns learned by black-box models. This could significantly aid in fields like disease diagnosis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yu Chen , Tianyu Cui , Alexander Capstick , Nan Fletcher-Loyd , Payam Barnaghi

In developing data-driven modeling methodologies, there is an ongoing need to reconcile the strong predictive performance of opaque black-box models with the transparency required for critical applications. This work introduces an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-21 Xin Huang , Jia Li , Jun Yu

Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assist in downstream tasks involving human and AI collaboration. Perhaps the most psychologically valid XAI techniques are case based approaches which display 'whole' exemplars to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Eoin Kenny , Eoin Delaney , Mark Keane

In recent years, the Shapley value and SHAP explanations have emerged as one of the most dominant paradigms for providing post-hoc explanations of black-box models. Despite their well-founded theoretical properties, many recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 James Enouen , Yan Liu