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Cryptocurrencies gain trust in users by publicly disclosing the full creation and transaction history. In return, the transaction history faithfully records the whole spectrum of cryptocurrency user behaviors. This article analyzes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Xiao Fan Liu , Xin-Jian Jiang , Si-Hao Liu , Chi Kong Tse

Anonymous Single-Sign-On authentication schemes have been proposed to allow users to access a service protected by a verifier without revealing their identity which has become more important due to the introduction of strong privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Jinguang Han , Liqun Chen , Steve Schneider , Helen Treharne , Stephan Wesemeyer

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

Anonymity networks allow messaging with metadata privacy, providing better privacy than popular encrypted messaging applications. However, contacting a user on an anonymity network currently requires knowing their public key or similar…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ceren Kocaoğullar , Daniel Hugenroth , Martin Kleppmann , Alastair R. Beresford

As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-25 Francesco Parino , Mariano G. Beiro , Laetitia Gauvin

Cryptocurrencies redefined how money can be stored and transferred among users. However, independent of the amount being sent, public blockchain-based cryptocurrencies suffer from high transaction waiting times and fees. These drawbacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Enes Erdin , Suat Mercan , Kemal Akkaya

Tor enables anonymous web browsing and access to anonymous onion websites. Prior work has focused on crawling and content analysis rather than on what users actually try to access. Our honeypot approach measures engagement across onion-site…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Arttu Paju , Waris Abdullah , Juha Nurmi

The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Privacy and anonymity of validators, especially regarding IP address linkability, are essential to protect the Ethereum network from various attacks. Network-level attacks, such as DoS, can interrupt validators and affect the overall…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Muhammad Umar Janjua , Akshaya Mani , Uğur Şen , Daniel Kaiser

Anonymous communication networks have emerged as crucial tools for obfuscating communication pathways and concealing user identities. However, their practical deployments face significant challenges, including susceptibility to artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chao Ge , Wei Yuan , Ge Chen , Yanbin Pan , Yuan Shen

Bitcoin and Ethereum are novel mechanisms for decentralizing the concept of money and computation. Extending decentralization to the human identity concept, we can think of using blockchain for creating a list of verified human identities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-21 MohammadJavad Hajialikhani , MohammadMahdi Jahanara

The Bitcoin P2P network currently represents a reference benchmark for modern cryptocurrencies. Its underlying protocol defines how transactions and blocks are distributed through all participating nodes. To protect user privacy, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Federico Franzoni , Vanesa Daza

With nearly 2.5m users, onion services have become the prominent part of the darkweb. Over the last five years alone, the number of onion domains has increased 20x, reaching more than 700k unique domains in January 2022. As onion services…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Yazan Boshmaf , Isuranga Perera , Udesh Kumarasinghe , Sajitha Liyanage , Husam Al Jawaheri

Blockchain address poisoning is an emerging phishing attack that crafts "similar-looking" transfer records in the victim's transaction history, which aims to deceive victims and lure them into mistakenly transferring funds to the attacker.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shixuan Guan , Kai Li

The most fundamental purpose of blockchain technology is to enable persistent, consistent, distributed storage of information. Increasingly common are authentication systems that leverage this property to allow users to carry their personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Daniel Augot , Hervé Chabanne , Olivier Clémot , William George

As adoption of blockchain-based systems grows, more attention is being given to privacy of these systems. Early systems like BitCoin provided few privacy features. As a result, systems with strong privacy guarantees, including Monero,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Seyed Ali Tabatabaee , Charlene Nicer , Ivan Beschastnikh , Chen Feng

In the last decade, Tor proved to be a very successful and widely popular system to protect users' anonymity. However, Tor remains a practical system with a variety of limitations, some of which were indeed exploited in the recent past. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Amirali Sanatinia , Guevara Noubir

We introduce and investigate *targeting adversaries* who selectively attack users of Tor or other secure-communication networks. We argue that attacks by such adversaries are more realistic and more significant threats to those most relying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Aaron D. Jaggard , Paul Syverson

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Since the initial launch of Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, decentralized digital currencies have long been of major interest in both the academia and the industry. Till today, there are more than 3000 different cryptocurrencies over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Xinyuan Zhang