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The parameterization of moist convection contributes to uncertainty in climate modeling and numerical weather prediction. Machine learning (ML) can be used to learn new parameterizations directly from high-resolution model output, but it…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Paul A. O'Gorman , John G. Dwyer

Numerical model forecasts of near-surface temperatures are prone to error. This is because terrain can exert a strong influence on temperature that is not captured in numerical weather models due to spatial resolution limitations. To…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Kevin Höhlein , Timothy Hewson , Rüdiger Westermann

Global climate change is one of main concern of modern society. To estimate this change usually one estimates the global mean temperature. Measuring and calculating the Earth's average temperature are multi-steps complex processes which…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-02 Slavoljub Mijovic

Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hannah M. Christensen , Salah Kouhen , Greta Miller , Raghul Parthipan

A nonanticipative analog method is used for the long-term forecast of air temperature extremes. The data to be used for prediction include average daily air temperature, mean visibility, mean wind speed, mean dew point, maximum and minimum…

Applications · Statistics 2015-07-14 Dmytro Zubov , Humberto A. Barbosa , Gregory S. Duane

Given uncertainties in physical theory and numerical climate simulations, the historical temperature record is often used as a source of empirical information about climate change. Many historical trend analyses appear to deemphasize…

Applications · Statistics 2017-05-16 Andrew Poppick , Elisabeth J. Moyer , Michael L. Stein

Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

Given multi-model ensemble climate projections, the goal is to accurately and reliably predict future sea-level rise while lowering the uncertainty. This problem is important because sea-level rise affects millions of people in coastal…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Subhankar Ghosh , Shuai An , Arun Sharma , Jayant Gupta , Shashi Shekhar , Aneesh Subramanian

Climate predictions are only meaningful if the associated uncertainty is reliably estimated. A standard practice for providing climate projections is to use an ensemble of projections. The ensemble mean serves as the projection while the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Ehud Strobach , Golan Bel

We investigate the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\eta/s$ using a piecewise linear parametrization. To determine the optimal values of the parameters and the associated uncertainties, we perform a…

We upper- and lower-bound the optimal precision with which one can estimate an unknown Hamiltonian parameter via measurements of Gibbs thermal states with a known temperature. The bounds depend on the uncertainty in the Hamiltonian term…

A wide body of evidence shows that human language processing difficulty is predicted by the information-theoretic measure surprisal, a word's negative log probability in context. However, it is still unclear how to best estimate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Tong Liu , Iza Škrjanec , Vera Demberg

Microwave background temperature and polarization observations are a powerful way to constrain cosmological parameters if the likelihood function can be calculated accurately. The temperature and polarization fields are correlated, partial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-25 Samira Hamimeche , Antony Lewis

The predictability of errors in deterministic temperature forecasts is investigated. More precisely, the aim is to issue warnings whenever the differences between forecast and verification exceed a given threshold. The warnings are…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-12-08 S. Hallerberg , J. Bröcker , H. Kantz , L. A. Smith

We describe various moment-based ensemble interpretation models for the construction of probabilistic temperature forecasts from ensembles. We apply the methods to one year of medium range ensemble forecasts and perform in and out of sample…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen Jewson

Temperature scaling is a simple method that allows to control the uncertainty of probabilistic models. It is mostly used in two contexts: improving the calibration of classifiers and tuning the stochasticity of large language models (LLMs).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Pierre-Alexandre Mattei , Bruno Loureiro

The last decade has seen the success of stochastic parameterizations in short-term, medium-range and seasonal forecasts: operational weather centers now routinely use stochastic parameterization schemes to better represent model inadequacy…

This paper describes how to analyze the influence of Earth system variables on the errors when providing temperature forecasts. The initial framework to get the data has been based on previous research work, which resulted in a very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 M. Julia Flores , Melissa Ruiz-Vásquez , Ana Bastos , René Orth

Various techniques can be employed to determine the temperature of magnetic transformation, whether it be the Curie or Neel temperature. The standard procedure typically involves creating alloys with defined compositions and performing…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-11 Svitlana Ponomarova , Oleksandr Ponomarov , Yurii Koval

Using 55 years of daily average temperatures from a local weather station, I made a least-absolute-deviations (LAD) regression model that accounts for three effects: seasonal variations, the 11-year solar cycle, and a linear trend. The…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-09-05 Robert J. Vanderbei