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Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

Low-bit quantization of network weights and activations can drastically reduce the memory footprint, complexity, energy consumption and latency of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, low-bit quantization can also cause a considerable drop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ghouthi Boukli Hacene , Lukas Mauch , Stefan Uhlich , Fabien Cardinaux

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning have raised concerns about its increasing energy consumption, while demand for deploying AI in mobile devices and machines at the edge is growing. Binary neural networks (BNNs) have…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Jonas Christoffer Villumsen , Yusuke Sugita

Some novel strategies have recently been proposed for single hidden layer neural network training that set randomly the weights from input to hidden layer, while weights from hidden to output layer are analytically determined by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-26 R. Cancelliere , R. Deluca , M. Gai , P. Gallinari , L. Rubini

We present a method to train self-binarizing neural networks, that is, networks that evolve their weights and activations during training to become binary. To obtain similar binary networks, existing methods rely on the sign activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Fayez Lahoud , Radhakrishna Achanta , Pablo Márquez-Neila , Sabine Süsstrunk

Currently, deep neural networks are deployed on low-power portable devices by first training a full-precision model using powerful hardware, and then deriving a corresponding low-precision model for efficient inference on such systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Hao Li , Soham De , Zheng Xu , Christoph Studer , Hanan Samet , Tom Goldstein

Quantization is emerging as an efficient approach to promote hardware-friendly deep learning and run deep neural networks on resource-limited hardware. However, it still causes a significant decrease to the network in accuracy. We summarize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Haotong Qin

Solving non-convex, NP-hard optimization problems is crucial for training machine learning models, including neural networks. However, non-convexity often leads to black-box machine learning models with unclear inner workings. While convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Karthik Prakhya , Tolga Birdal , Alp Yurtsever

When quantizing neural networks, assigning each floating-point weight to its nearest fixed-point value is the predominant approach. We find that, perhaps surprisingly, this is not the best we can do. In this paper, we propose AdaRound, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Markus Nagel , Rana Ali Amjad , Mart van Baalen , Christos Louizos , Tijmen Blankevoort

Existing neural networks are memory-consuming and computationally intensive, making deploying them challenging in resource-constrained environments. However, there are various methods to improve their efficiency. Two such methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anastasiia Prutianova , Alexey Zaytsev , Chung-Kuei Lee , Fengyu Sun , Ivan Koryakovskiy

Reducing bit-widths of activations and weights of deep networks makes it efficient to compute and store them in memory, which is crucial in their deployments to resource-limited devices, such as mobile phones. However, decreasing bit-widths…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Sangil Jung , Changyong Son , Seohyung Lee , Jinwoo Son , Youngjun Kwak , Jae-Joon Han , Sung Ju Hwang , Changkyu Choi

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

For most deep learning algorithms training is notoriously time consuming. Since most of the computation in training neural networks is typically spent on floating point multiplications, we investigate an approach to training that eliminates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-29 Zhouhan Lin , Matthieu Courbariaux , Roland Memisevic , Yoshua Bengio

Neural network quantization is frequently used to optimize model size, latency and power consumption for on-device deployment of neural networks. In many cases, a target bit-width is set for an entire network, meaning every layer get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yin Huang , Chirag Patel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Compared to classical deep neural networks its binarized versions can be useful for applications on resource-limited devices due to their reduction in memory consumption and computational demands. In this work we study deep neural networks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Jannis Kurtz , Bubacarr Bah

Neural network models are resource hungry. It is difficult to deploy such deep networks on devices with limited resources, like smart wearables, cellphones, drones, and autonomous vehicles. Low bit quantization such as binary and ternary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Ryan Razani , Grégoire Morin , Vahid Partovi Nia , Eyyüb Sari

We develop exact representations of training two-layer neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) in terms of a single convex program with number of variables polynomial in the number of training samples and the number of hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Mert Pilanci , Tolga Ergen

Quantization of deep neural networks is a promising approach that reduces the inference cost, making it feasible to run deep networks on resource-restricted devices. Inspired by existing methods, we propose a new framework to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Amir Ardakani , Arash Ardakani , Brett Meyer , James J. Clark , Warren J. Gross

This work introduces a post-training quantization (PTQ) method for dense neural networks via a novel ADAROUND-based QUBO formulation. Using the Frobenius distance between the theoretical output and the dequantized output (before the…

The performance of a neural network for a given task is largely determined by the initial calibration of the network parameters. Yet, it has been shown that the calibration, also referred to as training, is generally NP-complete. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Yidong Liao , Daniel Ebler , Feiyang Liu , Oscar Dahlsten