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We review old and new uses of exchangeability, emphasizing the general theme of exchangeable representations of complex random structures. Illustrations of this theme include processes of stochastic coalescence and fragmentation; continuum…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-02-22 David J. Aldous

Exchangeability is a central notion in statistics and probability theory. The assumption that an infinite sequence of data points is exchangeable is at the core of Bayesian statistics. However, finite exchangeability as a statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-24 Mathias Niepert , Guy Van den Broeck

In this paper, we study consistent and partially exchangeable sequences of Markov chains on a finite state space. We provide a characterisation of the admissible transition rates via a decomposition into individual and coordinated motion of…

We develop a clear connection between deFinetti's theorem for exchangeable arrays (work of Aldous--Hoover--Kallenberg) and the emerging area of graph limits (work of Lovasz and many coauthors). Along the way, we translate the graph theory…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-12-18 Persi Diaconis , Svante Janson

We introduce a framework for systemic risk modeling in insurance portfolios using jointly exchangeable arrays, extending classical collective risk models to account for interactions. Joint exchangeability is a more general probabilistic…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-06 Daniel Gaigall , Stefan Weber

We present a novel proof of de Finetti's Theorem characterizing permutation-invariant probability measures of infinite sequences of variables, so-called exchangeable measures. The proof is phrased in the language of Markov categories, which…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Tobias Fritz , Tomáš Gonda , Paolo Perrone

We study conditional independence relationships for random networks and their interplay with exchangeability. We show that, for finitely exchangeable network models, the empirical subgraph densities are maximum likelihood estimates of their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Steffen Lauritzen , Alessandro Rinaldo , Kayvan Sadeghi

We develop a system-theoretic framework for the structured analysis of distributed optimization algorithms with decomposable cost functions. We model such algorithms as a network of interacting dynamical systems and derive tests for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Aron Karakai , Jaap Eising , Andrea Martinelli , Florian Dörfler

We introduce the notion of a restricted exchangeable partition of $\mathbb{N}$. We obtain integral representations, consider associated fragmentations, embeddings into continuum random trees and convergence to such limit trees. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-12 Bo Chen , Matthias Winkel

We propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric classification model that combines a Gaussian process prior for the latent function with a Dirichlet process prior for the link function, extending the interpretative framework of de Finetti…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Marcio Alves Diniz

Some practical results are derived for population inference based on a sample, under the two qualitative conditions of 'ignorability' and exchangeability. These are the 'Histogram Theorem', for predicting the outcome of a non-sampled member…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-12 Jonathan Rougier

We study the independence structure of finitely exchangeable distributions over random vectors and random networks. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an exchangeable vector so that its elements are completely…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Kayvan Sadeghi

This note attempts to understand graph limits as defined by Lovasz and Szegedy (2006)} in terms of harmonic analysis on semigroups. This is done by representing probability distributions of random exchangeable graphs as mixtures of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Steffen Lauritzen

A sequence of random variables is exchangeable if its joint distribution is invariant under variable permutations. We introduce exchangeable variable models (EVMs) as a novel class of probabilistic models whose basic building blocks are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Mathias Niepert , Pedro Domingos

A new finite form of de Finetti's representation theorem is established using elementary information-theoretic tools. The distribution of the first $k$ random variables in an exchangeable vector of $n\geq k$ random variables is close to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mario Berta , Lampros Gavalakis , Ioannis Kontoyiannis

We consider shifts $\Pi_{n,m}$ of a partially exchangeable random partition $\Pi_\infty$ of $\mathbb{N}$ obtained by restricting $\Pi_\infty$ to $\{n+1,n+2,\dots, n+m\}$ and then subtracting $n$ from each element to get a partition of…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Jim Pitman , Yuri Yakubovich

We present simple randomized and exchangeable improvements of Markov's inequality, as well as Chebyshev's inequality and Chernoff bounds. Our variants are never worse and typically strictly more powerful than the original inequalities. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-10 Aaditya Ramdas , Tudor Manole

Exponential random graph models are an important tool in the statistical analysis of data. However, Bayesian parameter estimation for these models is extremely challenging, since evaluation of the posterior distribution typically involves…

Computation · Statistics 2017-05-05 Lampros Bouranis , Nial Friel , Florian Maire

In inference problems involving a multi-dimensional parameter $\theta$, it is often natural to consider decision rules that have a risk which is invariant under some group $G$ of permutations of $\theta$. We show that this implies that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-01 Erik van Zwet

There is currently a renewed interest in the Bayesian predictive approach to statistics. This paper offers a review on foundational concepts and focuses on predictive modeling, which by directly reasoning on prediction, bypasses inferential…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Sandra Fortini , Sonia Petrone