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Fault attacks are active, physical attacks that an adversary can leverage to alter the control-flow of embedded devices to gain access to sensitive information or bypass protection mechanisms. Due to the severity of these attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Pascal Nasahl , Miguel Osorio , Pirmin Vogel , Michael Schaffner , Timothy Trippel , Dominic Rizzo , Stefan Mangard

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are the target of diverse attacks during their lifetime. Fabrication-time attacks, such as the insertion of Hardware Trojans, can give an adversary access to privileged data and/or the means to corrupt the IC's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Mohammad Eslami , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini

The threat of hardware reverse engineering is a growing concern for a large number of applications. A main defense strategy against reverse engineering is hardware obfuscation. In this paper, we investigate physical obfuscation techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Arunkumar Vijayakumar , Vinay C. Patil , Daniel E. Holcomb , Christof Paar , Sandip Kundu

Program obfuscation is a widely employed approach for software intellectual property protection. However, general obfuscation methods (e.g., lexical obfuscation, control obfuscation) implemented in mainstream obfuscation tools are heuristic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Hui Xu , Yangfan Zhou , Yu Kang , Michael R. Lyu

Authors of cryptographic software are well aware that their code should not leak secrets through its timing behavior, and, until 2018, they believed that following industry-standard constant-time coding guidelines was sufficient. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Shixin Song , Tingzhen Dong , Kosi Nwabueze , Julian Zanders , Andres Erbsen , Adam Chlipala , Mengjia Yan

An `obfuscation' for encrypted computing is quantified exactly here, leading to an argument that security against polynomial-time attacks has been achieved for user data via the deliberately `chaotic' compilation required for security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Peter T. Breuer

The globalization of integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing has increased the exposure of hardware intellectual property (IP) to untrusted stages of the supply chain, raising concerns about reverse engineering, piracy, tampering,…

Alpha-particles and cosmic rays cause bit flips in chips. Protection circuits ease the problem, but cost chip area and power, and so designers try hard to optimize them. This leads to bugs: an undetected fault can bring miscalculations, the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Patrick Klampfl , Robert Koenighofer , Roderick Bloem , Ayrat Khalimov , Aiman Abu-Yonis , Shiri Moran

Modern out-of-order processors face speculative execution attacks. Despite various proposed software and hardware mitigations to prevent such attacks, new attacks keep arising from unknown vulnerabilities. Thus, a formal and rigorous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Qinhan Tan , Yuheng Yang , Thomas Bourgeat , Sharad Malik , Mengjia Yan

Hardware intellectual property (IP) piracy is an emerging threat to the global supply chain. Correspondingly, various countermeasures aim to protect hardware IPs, such as logic locking, camouflaging, and split manufacturing. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Zhaokun Han , Mohammed Shayan , Aneesh Dixit , Mustafa Shihab , Yiorgos Makris , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Development of large computerized systems requires both combinational and sequential circuits. Registers and counters are two important examples of sequential circuits, which are widely used in practical applications like CPUs. The basic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Reza Faghih Mirzaee , Niloofar Farahani

Reversible logic has come to the forefront of theoretical and applied research today. Although many researchers are investigating techniques to synthesize reversible combinational logic, there is little work in the area of sequential…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Md. Selim Al Mamun , Indrani Mandal , Md. Hasanuzzaman

The advances of the Internet of Things (IoT) have had a fundamental impact and influence in sharping our rich living experiences. However, since IoT devices are usually resource-constrained, lightweight block ciphers have played a major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Duc-Phong Le , Rongxing Lu , Ali A. Ghorbani

Control-flow leakage (CFL) attacks enable an attacker to expose control-flow decisions of a victim program via side-channel observations. Linearization (i.e., elimination) of secret-dependent control flow is the main countermeasure against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Hans Winderix , Marton Bognar , Lesly-Ann Daniel , Frank Piessens

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is facing infringement issues due to straightforward computations. This work, for the first time, raises a critical vulnerability of HDC, an attacker can reverse engineer the entire model, only requiring the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Shijin Duan , Shaolei Ren , Xiaolin Xu

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

With the globalization of manufacturing and supply chains, ensuring the security and trustworthiness of ICs has become an urgent challenge. Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are promising techniques to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

This paper studies leakage of user passwords and PINs based on observations of typing feedback on screens or from projectors in the form of masked characters that indicate keystrokes. To this end, we developed an attack called Password and…

The increasing density of modern DRAM has heightened its vulnerability to Rowhammer attacks, which induce bit flips by repeatedly accessing specific memory rows. This paper presents an analysis of bit flip patterns generated by advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Andrew Adiletta , Zane Weissman , Fatemeh Khojasteh Dana , Berk Sunar , Shahin Tajik

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been deployed in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles and medical devices. Shortly after that, the vulnerability of DNNs were revealed by stealthy adversarial examples where crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Behnam Ghavami , Seyd Movi , Zhenman Fang , Lesley Shannon