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An important building block in all current asymptotically fast algorithms for matrix multiplication are tensors with low border rank, that is, tensors whose border rank is equal or very close to their size. To find new asymptotically fast…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Markus Bläser , Vladimir Lysikov

We study the subrank of real order-three tensors and give an upper bound to the subrank of a real tensor given its complex subrank. Using similar arguments to those used by Bernardi-Blekherman-Ottaviani, we show that all subranks between…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Benjamin Biaggi , Jan Draisma , Sarah Eggleston

For tensors of fixed order, we establish three types of upper bounds for the geometric rank in terms of the subrank. Firstly, we prove that, under a mild condition on the characteristic of the base field, the geometric rank of a tensor is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Qiyuan Chen , Ke Ye

We make an in-depth study of the known border rank (i.e. approximate) algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor encoding the multiplication of an n x 2 matrix by a 2 x 2 matrix.

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-09-29 J. M. Landsberg , Nicholas Ryder

Asymptotic tensor rank is notoriously difficult to determine. Indeed, determining its value for the $2\times 2$ matrix multiplication tensor would determine the matrix multiplication exponent, a long-standing open problem. On the other…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Matthias Christandl , Koen Hoeberechts , Harold Nieuwboer , Péter Vrana , Jeroen Zuiddam

A matrix always has a full rank submatrix such that the rank of this matrix is equal to the rank of that submatrix. This property is one of the corner stones of the matrix rank theory. We call this property the max-full-rank-submatrix…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Liqun Qi , Xinzhen Zhang , Yannan Chen

Moment polytopes of tensors, the study of which is deeply rooted in invariant theory, representation theory and symplectic geometry, have found relevance in numerous places, from quantum information (entanglement polytopes) and algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Maxim van den Berg , Matthias Christandl , Vladimir Lysikov , Harold Nieuwboer , Michael Walter , Jeroen Zuiddam

Matrices of rank at most k are defined by the vanishing of polynomials of degree k + 1 in their entries (namely, their (k + 1)-times-(k + 1)-subdeterminants), regardless of the size of the matrix. We prove a qualitative analogue of this…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-01-14 Jan Draisma , Jochen Kuttler

A finite semifield is a division algebra over a finite field where multiplication is not necessarily associative. We consider here the complexity of the multiplication in small semifields and finite field extensions. For this operation, the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Stefano Lia , John Sheekey

A tensor is a multi-way array that can represent, in addition to a data set, the expression of a joint law or a multivariate function. As such it contains the description of the interactions between the variables corresponding to each of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Alain Franc

Motivated by questions arising in signal processing, computational complexity, and other areas, we study the ranks and border ranks of symmetric tensors using geometric methods. We provide improved lower bounds for the rank of a symmetric…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-28 J. M. Landsberg , Zach Teitler

In this paper, we give a survey of the known results concerning the tensor rank of the multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields, enriched with some not published recent results as well as analyzes enhancing the qualitative…

These lecture notes are intended as an introduction to several notions of tensor rank and their connections to the asymptotic complexity of matrix multiplication. The latter is studied with the exponent of matrix multiplication, which will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Giorgio Ottaviani , Philipp Reichenbach

Let $M_{\langle u,v,w\rangle}\in C^{uv}\otimes C^{vw}\otimes C^{wu}$ denote the matrix multiplication tensor (and write $M_n=M_{\langle n,n,n\rangle}$) and let $det_3\in ( C^9)^{\otimes 3}$ denote the determinant polynomial considered as a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-20 Austin Conner , Alicia Harper , J. M. Landsberg

Determinantal methods for bounding the rank and border rank of tensors or polynomials are subject to a major barrier. For instance, it is known that using determinantal methods one cannot prove a lower bound for the border rank of a 3-way…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Jarosław Buczyński

In this article the notion of the nondecreasing (ND) rank of a matrix or tensor is introduced. A tensor has an ND rank of r if it can be represented as a sum of r outer products of vectors, with each vector satisfying a monotonicity…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Andrew McCormack

We prove a lower bound on the dimension of the set of maximal border subrank tensors. This is the first such bound of its type.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Chia-Yu Chang

We introduce an elementary method to study the border rank of polynomials and tensors, analogous to the apolarity lemma. This can be used to describe the border rank of all cases uniformly, including those very special ones that resisted a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Weronika Buczyńska , Jarosław Buczyński

Motivated by problems in algebraic complexity theory (e.g., matrix multiplication) and extremal combinatorics (e.g., the cap set problem and the sunflower problem), we introduce the geometric rank as a new tool in the study of tensors and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Swastik Kopparty , Guy Moshkovitz , Jeroen Zuiddam

We provide a nontrivial bound on the rank of any tensor $T$ over the quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ in the $n_1\times n_2\times n_3$ cases where $2\leq n_i\leq 3$. We describe a decomposition of $T$ into $3$ simple tensors in the $2\times 2\times…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-03-04 YG Liang , Sergio Da Silva , Yang Zhang