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The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-21 S. Fabrika

The end points of massive star evolution are poorly known, especially those in interacting binary systems containing compact objects, such as neutron stars or black holes. Such systems are bright in X-rays, and the most luminous among them…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-31 André-Nicolas Chené , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Lidia M. Oskinova , Clara Martínez-Vázquez

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 1e39 erg/s. The ULX population counts several hundreds objects but only a minor fraction is well studied. Here we present a detailed…

It has recently been discovered that a fraction of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) exhibit X-ray pulsations, and are therefore powered by super-Eddington accretion onto magnetized neutron stars (NSs). For typical ULX mass accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-17 Alexander A. Mushtukov , Adam Ingram , Matthew Middleton , Dmitrij I. Nagirner , Michiel van der Klis

We present a model for a super-Eddington accretion disc around a magnetized neutron star taking into account advection of heat and the mass loss by the wind. The model is semi-analytical and predicts radial profiles of all basic physical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-05 Anna Chashkina , Galina Lipunova , Pavel Abolmasov , Juri Poutanen

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent an extreme class of accreting compact objects: from the identification of some of the accretors as neutron stars to the detection of powerful winds travelling at 0.1-0.2 c, the increasing…

There are two proposed explanations for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with luminosities in excess of $10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. They could be intermediate-mass black holes (more than 100-1,000, solar masses, $M_\odot$) radiating at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-12-03 Jifeng Liu , Joel N. Bregman , Yu Bai , Stephen Justham , Paul Crowther

We study the evolution of newborn neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries interacting with a wind-fed super-Eddington disk. The inner disk is regularized to a radiation-dominated quasi-spherical configuration for which we calculate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-22 M. Hakan Erkut , Kazım Yavuz Ekşi , M. Ali Alpar

We report the discovery of a new ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) associated with a globular cluster in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4649. The X-ray source was initially detected with a luminosity below 5 x 10^38 erg/s, but in subsequent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 T. P. Roberts , G. Fabbiano , B. Luo , D. -W. Kim , J. Strader , M. J. Middleton , J. P. Brodie , T. Fragos , J. S. Gallagher , V. Kalogera , A. R. King , A. Zezas

The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 Sergei Fabrika , Alexander Vinokurov , Kirill Atapin

We perform a global 2.5D general-relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation of super-critical accretion onto a neutron star with a $2\times 10^{10}$ G dipolar magnetic field, as a model of a neutron-star-powered ultraluminous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-01 David Abarca , Kyle Parfrey , Włodek Kluźniak

The detection of 1.37$\, $s pulsations from NuSTAR J095551+6940.8 implies the existence of an accreting pulsar, which challenges the conventional understanding of ultraluminous X-ray source. This kind of sources are proposed to be massive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-04 Yanjun Guo , Hao Tong , Renxin Xu

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are non-nuclear point-like objects observed with extremely high X-ray luminosity that exceeds the Eddington limit of a $\rm10\,M_\odot$ black hole. A fraction of ULXs has been confirmed to contain neutron…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-04 Luhan Li , Bo Wang , Dongdong Liu , Yunlang Guo , Wen-Cong Chen , Zhanwen Han

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are amongst the most intriguing of X-ray source classes. Their extreme luminosities - greater than 10^39 erg/s in the 0.3 - 10 keV band alone - suggest either the presence of black holes larger than those…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. P. Roberts

Despite two decades of studies, it is still not clear whether ULX spectral transitions are due to stochastic variability in the wind or variations in the accretion rate or in the source geometry. The compact object is also unknown for most…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-02 F. Barra , C. Pinto , D. J. Walton , P. Kosec , A. D'Aì , T. Di Salvo , M. Del Santo , H. Earnshaw , A. C. Fabian , F. Fuerst , A. Marino , F. Pintore , A. Robba , T. P. Roberts

Pulsations were recently detected from the ultraluminous X-ray source X-2 in M82. The newly discovered pulsar has been described as a common neutron star with a 1 TG magnetic field that accretes above the Eddington rate and as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Dimitris M. Christodoulou , Silas G. T. Laycock , Demosthenes Kazanas

We consider the three currently known pulsing ultraluminous X--ray sources (PULXs). We show that in one of them the observed spinup rate requires super--Eddington accretion rates at the magnetospheric radius, even if magnetar--strength…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-22 Andrew King , Jean-Pierre Lasota , Wlodek Kluzniak

We show that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with coherent X-ray pulsing (PULXs) probably have neutron-star spin axes significantly misaligned from their central accretion discs. Scattering in the funnels collimating their emission and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-15 Andrew King , Jean-Pierre Lasota

A model of population of ultraluminous X-ray sources with magnetised neutron stars (NULX) in a spiral galaxy with the star formation history similar to that in the thin disc of Milky Way is computed using a hybrid approach. First, applying…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-28 A. K. Kuranov , K. A. Postnov , L. R. Yungelson

Two recent observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 6946 with NuSTAR, one simultaneous with an XMM-Newton observation, provide an opportunity to examine its population of bright accreting sources from a broadband perspective. We study the…