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Running quantum algorithms protected by quantum error correction requires a real time, classical decoder. To prevent the accumulation of a backlog, this decoder must process syndromes from the quantum device at a faster rate than they are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Sophia Fuhui Lin , Eric C. Peterson , Krishanu Sankar , Prasahnt Sivarajah

We propose and analyze a hierarchical quantum error correction (QEC) scheme that concatenates hypergraph product (HGP) codes with rotated surface codes, which is compatible with quantum computers with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Junichi Haruna , Keisuke Fujii

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

Topological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup , Nicolai Friis , Hans J. Briegel

Quantum computing relies on quantum error correction for high-fidelity logical operations, but scaling to achieve near-term quantum utility is highly resource-intensive. High-rate quantum LDPC codes can reduce error correction overhead, yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Laura Pecorari , Francesco Paolo Guerci , Hugo Perrin , Guido Pupillo

Transversal gates are the ideal gates in a fault-tolerant scenario; relatively easy to implement, and minimally error propagating. Their availability will maximise fault tolerant thresholds, enabling universal quantum computation in a wider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

Quantum error correction (QEC) requires the execution of deep quantum circuits with large numbers of physical qubits to protect information against errors. Designing protocols that can reduce gate and space-time overheads of QEC is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Laura Pecorari , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

An economy of scale is found when storing many qubits in one highly entangled block of a topological quantum code. The code is defined by construction of a topologically convoluted 2-d surface and does not work by compressing redundancy in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Dennis

Superconducting quantum devices are a leading technology for quantum computation, but they suffer from several challenges. Gate errors, coherence errors and a lack of connectivity all contribute to low fidelity results. In particular,…

Magic states are fundamental building blocks on the road to fault-tolerant quantum computing. CSS codes play a crucial role in the construction of magic distillation protocols. Previous work has cast quantum computing with magic states for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Rhea Alexander , Si Gvirtz-Chen , Nikolaos Koukoulekidis , David Jennings

Many quantum computing platforms are based on a two-dimensional physical layout. Here we explore a concept called looped pipelines which permits one to obtain many of the advantages of a 3D lattice while operating a strictly 2D device. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Zhenyu Cai , Adam Siegel , Simon Benjamin

Two-dimensional color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as they have high encoding rates, transversal implementation of logical Clifford gates, and resource-efficient magic state preparation schemes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Seok-Hyung Lee , Andrew Li , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correction (QEC) plays a crucial role in correcting noise and paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum computing. This field has seen significant advancements, with new quantum error correction codes emerging regularly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Surface codes are a popular error-correction route to fault-tolerant quantum computation. The so-called exponential backlog problem that can arise when one has to do logical $T$-gates within the surface code demands real-time decoding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Long D. H. My , Shao-Hen Chiew , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

We describe a space-time optimized circuit for the table lookup subroutine from lattice-surgery surface code primitives respecting 2D grid connectivity. Table lookup circuits are ubiquitous in quantum computing, allowing the presented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Thomas Häner , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Martin Roetteler , Mathias Soeken

In order to achieve error rates necessary for advantageous quantum algorithms, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) will need to be employed, improving logical qubit fidelity beyond what can be achieved physically. As today's devices begin to…

We propose a method for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation using concatenated quantum error correcting codes. Namely, other than computational basis state preparation as required by the DiVincenzo criteria [1], our scheme requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-02 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Raymond Laflamme

The surface code scheme for quantum computation features a 2d array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits yet claims a threshold error rate approaching 1% (NJoP 9:199, 2007). This result was obtained for the toric code, from which the surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 D. S. Wang , A. G. Fowler , A. M. Stephens , L. C. L. Hollenberg

Quantum error correction protocols will play a central role in the realisation of quantum computing; the choice of error correction code will influence the full quantum computing stack, from the layout of qubits at the physical level to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Joschka Roffe

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so called crossbar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Jonas Helsen , Mark Steudtner , Menno Veldhorst , Stephanie Wehner