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There is effect modification if the magnitude or stability of a treatment effect varies systematically with the level of an observed covariate. A larger or more stable treatment effect is typically less sensitive to bias from unmeasured…
Delay or queue length information has the potential to influence the decision of a customer to use a service system. Thus, it is imperative for service system managers to understand how the information that they provide will affect the…
One of the most important issues in data stream processing systems is to use operator migration to handle highly variable workloads in a cost-efficient manner and adapt to the needs at any given time on demand. Operator migration is a…
Our paper investigates distributions of exposed and infectious time periods in an epidemic model and how applying a disease control strategy affects the model's accuracy. While ordinary differential equations are widely used for their…
Work sharing and work stealing are two scheduling paradigms to redistribute work when performing distributed computations. In work sharing, processors attempt to migrate pending jobs to other processors in the hope of reducing response…
Structured reporting (SR) and artificial intelligence (AI) may transform how radiologists interact with imaging studies. This prospective study (July to December 2024) evaluated the impact of three reporting modes: free-text (FT),…
Waiting times in a business process often arise when a case transitions from one activity to another. Accordingly, analyzing the causes of waiting times of activity transitions can help analysts to identify opportunities for reducing the…
Allocation of (redundant) file chunks throughout a distributed storage system affects important performance metrics such as the probability of file recovery, data download time, or the service rate of the system under a given data access…
Real-world deployments of human--swarm teams depend on balancing operator workload to leverage human strengths without inducing overload. A key challenge is that swarm size is often dynamic: robots may join or leave the mission due to…
Energy consumption imposes a significant cost for data centers; yet much of that energy is used to maintain excess service capacity during periods of predictably low load. Resultantly, there has recently been interest in developing designs…
Operational risk is challenging to quantify because of the broad range of categories (fraud, technological issues, natural disasters) and the heavy-tailed nature of realized losses. Operational risk modeling requires quantifying how these…
While the classic off-policy evaluation (OPE) literature commonly assumes decision time points to be evenly spaced for simplicity, in many real-world scenarios, such as those involving user-initiated visits, decisions are made at…
By convention, and even more often, as an unintentional consequence of design, time distributions of latency and infectious durations in stochastic epidemic simulations are often exponential. The skewed distribtion typically leads to…
Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods…
We investigate the effect of task ordering on continual learning performance. We conduct an extensive series of empirical experiments on synthetic and naturalistic datasets and show that reordering tasks significantly affects the amount of…
Objective: Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) has become the gold standard for a variety of surgical procedures, but the optimal method of training surgeons for RMIS is unknown. We hypothesized that real-time, rather than…
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although acute treatments have advanced, recovery remains challenging and limited. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a…
Time delays are a common perturbation in systems with many states, such as networked, distributed, or decentralized systems. Current methods analyzing the stability of large systems with time delay typically produce very conservative…
We study the expected completion time of some recently proposed algorithms for distributed computing which redundantly assign computing tasks to multiple machines in order to tolerate a certain number of machine failures. We analytically…
Surgical robots have had clinical use since the mid 1990s. Robot-assisted surgeries offer many benefits over the conventional approach including lower risk of infection and blood loss, shorter recovery, and an overall safer procedure for…