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Applying the survival function analysis to the planet radius distribution of the Kepler exoplanet candidates, we have identified two natural divisions of planet radius at 4 Earth radii and 10 Earth radii. These divisions place constraints…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-16 Li Zeng , Stein B. Jacobsen , Dimitar D. Sasselov , Andrew Vanderburg

Applying the survival function analysis to the planet radius distribution of the Kepler confirmed/candidate planets, we have identified two natural divisions of planet radius at 4 Earth radii and 10 Earth radii. These divisions place…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Li Zeng , Stein B. Jacobsen , Dimitar D. Sasselov , Andrew Vanderburg

Recent astronomical observations, in particular from the Kepler and TESS missions and their related follow-ups, have revealed an abundance of exoplanets in the size range between Neptune (4 Earth radii) and Earth (1 Earth radii ), as well…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Li Zeng , Stephanie C. Werner , Stein B. Jacobsen , Elena Mamonova , Reidar G. Trønnes , Ramon Brasser

We report the distribution of planets as a function of planet radius (R_p), orbital period (P), and stellar effective temperature (Teff) for P < 50 day orbits around GK stars. These results are based on the 1,235 planets (formally "planet…

The orbital distribution of giant planets is crucial for understanding how terrestrial planets form and predicting yields of exoplanet surveys. Here, we derive giant planets occurrence rates as a function of orbital period by taking into…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Rachel B. Fernandes , Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber

The eccentricity distribution of exoplanets is known from radial velocity surveys to be divergent from circular orbits beyond 0.1 AU. This is particularly the case for large planets where the radial velocity technique is most sensitive. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Stephen R. Kane , David R. Ciardi , Dawn M. Gelino , Kaspar von Braun

We develop a general method to fit the planetary distribution function (PLDF) to exoplanet survey data. This maximum likelihood method accommodates more than one planet per star and any number of planet or target star properties.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Andrew N. Youdin

Exoplanet habitability is traditionally assessed by comparing a planet's semi-major axis to the location of its host star's "habitable zone," the shell around a star for which Earth-like planets can possess liquid surface water. The Kepler…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 Rory Barnes , Victoria S. Meadows , Nicole Evans

The planets with a radius $<$ 4 $R$$_\oplus$ observed by the Kepler mission exhibit a unique feature, and propose a challenge for current planetary formation models. The tidal effect between a planet and its host star plays an essential…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-15 Yao Dong , Jianghui Ji , Su Wang

Launched on April 2018, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been performing a wide-field survey for exoplanets orbiting stars with a goal of producing a rich database for follow-on studies. Here we present estimates of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Jonathan H. Jiang , Xuan Ji , Nicolas Cowan , Renyu Hu , Zonghong Zhu

We fit a log-normal function to the M dwarf orbital surface density distribution of gas giant planets, over the mass range 1-10 times that of Jupiter, from 0.07-400 AU. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to explore the likelihoods…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Michael R. Meyer , Adam Amara , Maddalena Reggiani , Sascha P. Quanz

We present an analysis of a volume-complete sample of 363 mid-to-late M dwarfs within 15 pc of the Sun with masses between 0.1 and 0.3 M$_\odot$ observed by TESS within Observation Sectors 1 to 42. The median mass of the stars in this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-06 Kristo Ment , David Charbonneau

The distribution of orbital period ratios of adjacent planets in extra-solar planetary systems discovered by the {\it Kepler} space telescope exhibits a peak near $\sim1.5$--$2$, a long tail of larger period ratios, and a steep drop-off in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Renu Malhotra

Data from Kepler's first 136 days of operation are analyzed to determine the distribution of exoplanets with respect to radius, period, and host-star spectral type. The analysis is extrapolated to estimate the percentage of terrestrial,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Wesley A. Traub

The Kepler Mission is exploring the diversity of planets and planetary systems. Its legacy will be a catalog of discoveries sufficient for computing planet occurrence rates as a function of size, orbital period, star-type, and insolation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-08 Natalie M. Batalha

Exoplanet occurrence rates facilitate comparisons between observations of planets and theoretical models of planet formation. Despite their deductive power, exoplanet occurrence rates for half the stars in the sky are missing because…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Kendall Sullivan , Anne Dattilo , Natalie M. Batalha

The occurrence distribution of the shortest period giant exoplanets as found by Kepler show a drop-off that is a remarkable match to the drop-off expected by taking migration due to tides in the star. We present a comparison that can show…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-08 S. F. Taylor

The Kepler survey provides a statistical census of planetary systems out to the habitable zone. Because most planets are non-transiting, orbital architectures are best estimated using simulated observations of ensemble populations. Here, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-11 Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Daniel Apai , Fred J. Ciesla

Using the cumulative catalog of planets detected by the NASA Kepler mission, we reconstruct the intrinsic occurrence of Earth- to Neptune-size (1 - 4$R_{\oplus}$) planets and their distributions with radius and orbital period. We analyze…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Ari Silburt , Eric Gaidos , Yanqin Wu

The radii and orbital periods of 4000+ confirmed/candidate exoplanets have been precisely measured by the Kepler mission. The radii show a bimodal distribution, with two peaks corresponding to smaller planets (likely rocky) and larger…

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