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The occurrence distribution of the shortest period giant exoplanets as found by Kepler show a drop-off that is a remarkable match to the drop-off expected by taking migration due to tides in the star. We present a comparison that can show…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-08 S. F. Taylor

Structure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 David J. Armstrong , Farzana Meru , Daniel Bayliss , Grant M. Kennedy , Dimitri Veras

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are an enigmatic subset of exoplanets defined by having orbital periods $<$ 1 day. It is still not understood how USP planets form, or to what degree they differ from planets with longer orbital periods.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 Ana Sofía M. Uzsoy , Leslie A. Rogers , Ellen M. Price

We have investigated the problem of the distribution of both masses and orbital radii of planets resulting from the gas-accretion, gas-capture model. First we followed the evolution of gas and solids from the moment where all solids are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf

Among exoplanets, the small-size population constitutes the dominant one, with a diversity of properties and compositions ranging from rocky to gas dominated envelope. While a large fraction of them have masses and radii similar to or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-21 M. Deleuil , D. Pollacco , C. Baruteau , H. Rauer , M. Blanc

The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz

Currently, we have only limited means to probe the presence of planets at large orbital separations. Foreman-Mackey et al. searched for long-period transiting planets in the Kepler light curves using an automated pipeline. Here, we apply…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Miranda K. Herman , Wei Zhu , Yanqin Wu

The Kepler Mission has found thousands of planetary candidates with radii between 1 and 4 R$_\oplus$. These planets have no analogues in our own Solar System, providing an unprecedented opportunity to understand the range and distribution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-25 Angie Wolfgang , Eric Lopez

This paper aims to derive a map of relative planet occurrence rates that can provide constraints on the overall distribution of terrestrial planets around FGK stars. Based on the planet candidates in the Kepler DR25 data release, I first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-24 Sheng Jin

One of the most significant advances by NASA's ${\mathit Kepler}$ Mission was the discovery of an abundant new population of highly irradiated planets with sizes between the Earth and Neptune. Subsequent analysis showed that at ~1.5 Earth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-11 Eric D. Lopez , Ken Rice

To aid in the physical interpretation of planetary radii constrained through observations of transiting planets, or eventually direct detections, we compute model radii of pure hydrogen-helium, water, rock, and iron planets, along with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley , Jason W. Barnes

Over the past 30 years, thousands of exoplanets have been discovered, revealing detailed demographics of planets outside the Solar System. One of the most dramatic features of the planet radius distribution is the radius gap, a lack of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Nathanael Burns-Watson , Kendall Sullivan , Adam Kraus

Exoplanet occurrence rates facilitate comparisons between observations of planets and theoretical models of planet formation. Despite their deductive power, exoplanet occurrence rates for half the stars in the sky are missing because…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Kendall Sullivan , Anne Dattilo , Natalie M. Batalha

The radius valley separating super-Earths from mini-Neptunes is a fundamental benchmark for theories of planet formation and evolution. Observations show that the location of the radius valley decreases with decreasing stellar mass and with…

The Kepler high-precision planetary sample has revealed a radius valley, separating compact super-Earths from sub-Neptunes with lower density. Super-Earths are generally assumed to be rocky planets that were probably born in-situ, while the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-14 Di-Chang Chen , Christoph Mordasini , Ji-Wei Xie , Ji-Lin Zhou , Alexandre Emsenhuber

The potentially important role of stellar irradiation in envelope removal for planets with diameters of $\lessapprox$ 2 R$_{\Earth}$ has been inferred both through theoretical work and the observed bimodal distribution of small planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-04 Mark Swain , Raissa Estrela , Christophe Sotin , Gael Roudier , Robert Zellem

Context. Giant planets play a major role in multiple planetary systems. Knowing their demographics is important to test their overall impact on planetary systems formation. It is also important to test their formation processes. Recently,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-13 A. -M. Lagrange , F. Philipot , P. Rubini , N. Meunier , F. Kiefer , P. Kervella , P. Delorme , H. Beust

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet surveys over the last quarter century. Results from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jacob L. Bean , Sean N. Raymond , James E. Owen

The detailed interior structure models of super-Earth planets show that there is degeneracy in the possible bulk compositions of a super-Earth at a given mass and radius, determined via radial velocity and transit measurements,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Robert A. Marcus , Dimitar Sasselov , Lars Hernquist , Sarah T. Stewart

We analyze the distribution of extrasolar planets (both confirmed and Kepler candidates) according to their orbital periods P and planetary radii R. Among confirmed planets, we find compelling evidence for a paucity of bodies with 3 < R <…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 C. Beauge , D. Nesvorny